2018 Section 5 - Rhinology and Allergic Disorders

Table 1 Symptomatic patient complications Complication No. of Patients (a) No. of Revision Case(s)

Permanent Sequelae

Comment

Bleeding*

2 0 1

2 0 0

No

Discharged next day

Orbital

0

Not applicable

Intracranial

No

Post-ESS microlaryngoscopy with difficult extubation; the patient presented after 3 days with pneumocephalus but no CSF leak and was managed conservatively TIA, resolved with no residual symptoms; PE, preceding knee surgery 3 months before ESS

General

2

1

No

ESS endoscopic sinus surgery; CSF cerebrospinal fluid; TIA transient ischaemic attack; PE pulmonary embolism. * Of 500 mL; required transfusion and/or packing.

Table 2 Patient characteristics by etiologic category Variable

p Value

CRSsNP 50 14.5

CRSwNP

AFRS

Total

Age, mean (SD), y

56 15

51 14

54 15

0.18 0.02

Sex, % men

47.2

65.6

50

58.8

Lund-Mackay score, mean (SD)*

11.8 4.8

17.2 5

20.2 4.2

16 5.8

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002

Asthma, %

22.2

47.4

70.8

42.4 11.2 38.4

Aspirin sensitivity, % Allergic rhinitis, %

6.3

6.8

50

31.9

36.3

70.8

Preoperative SNOT-22 score, mean (SD)

55.0 21

53 22

53.2 21 15 (62.5)

54 22 80 (32) 2.2 0.3 244 (97.6)

0.79

Previous surgery, no. (%) No. operations, mean SE

8 (11.1)

57 (37)

0.001

1.2 0.2 71 (98.7)

2.4 0.4 149 (96.7)

2.1 0.2

0.53 0.50 0.63 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.34

White, no. (%) Black, no. (%) Asian, no. (%)

24 (100)

1 (1.3)

1 (0.6) 4 (2.6)

0 (0) 0 (0)

2 (0.8) 4 (1.6)

0 (0)

Never smoker, no. (%) Ex-smoker, no. (%) Current smoker, no. (%)

39 (54.1) 14 (19.4) 15 (20.8)

86 (55.8) 41 (26.6) 21 (13.6)

17 (70.8) 4 (16.7) 3 (12.5)

142 (56.8) 59 (23.6) 39 (15.6)

Total — CRSsNP chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis; CRSwNP chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis; AFRS allergic fungal rhinosinusitis; SD standard deviation; SNOT-22 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test; SE standard error. Significant p values in bold. *Preoperative computed tomography score. 72 154 24 250

the 12-month follow-up ( SNOT-22, 20.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.5–39.9]; p 0.04). Increasing age and smoking were retained in the final model because both factors were significantly associated with adverse SNOT-22 scores (changing the point estimate of the associa- tion among AFRS, CRSwNP, or CRSsNP). Other variables not re- tained in the final model included asthma, race, sex, allergic rhinitis, aspirin sensitivity, and previous sinus surgery. The SNOT-22 scores before ESS and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery arranged by the three main subgroups are shown in Fig. 3. DISCUSSION This article provides a comprehensive assessment of QoL outcomes after surgical treatment in patients with CRS, including those with AFRS. One previous study, published in 2010, looked at surgical outcomes in patients with AFRS, but this did not provide a correlation with the other CRS subgroups. 21 Analysis of our data inferred that 10% of all the patients with CRS who were treated had a diagnosis of AFRS. This finding would support epidemiologic data that indi- cates AFRS is present in 7–10% of patients with nasal polyposis and can often go undiagnosed. 22 Clinical Outcomes With regard to disease-specific QoL, the AFRS subgroup demon- strated significant benefit in comparison with the reference group

Figure 2. Summary of pre- and postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) mean score standard error (*p 0.01).

with patients with CRSsNP, there were significantly more improve- ments in QoL in patients with AFRS from baseline to 9 months ( SNOT-22, 22.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.2–44.1]; p 0.03) and at

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