2018-19 Section 7-Neoplastic and Inflammatory Diseases of the Head and Neck eBook

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis

and thus the convenience of performing further surgery after a positive sentinel node. Funding  Funding was provided by National Cancer Institute (Grant No. R01CA189163).

node metastasis: the ACOSOG Z0011 (Alliance) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318:918–926 19. D’Cruz AK, Vaish R, Kapre N et al (2015) Elective versus ther- apeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer. N Engl J Med 373:521–529 20. Balch CM, Cascinelli N, Sim FH (2003) Elective lymph node dissection: Results of prospective randomized surgical trials. In: Balch CM, Houghton AN, Sober AJ et al (eds) Cutaneous mela- noma. Quality Medical Publishing, Saint Louis, pp 379–395 21. Hein DW, Moy RL (1992) Elective lymph node dissection in stage I malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2:273–277 22. Fisher B (1980) Laboratory and clinical research in breast can- cer—a personal adventure: the David A. Karnofsky memorial lecture. Cancer Res 40(11):3863–3874 23. Hellman S (1994) Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. Natural history of small breast cancers. J Clin Oncol 12(10):2229–2234 24. Halsted WS (1894) I. The results of operations for the cure of cancer of the breast performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from June, 1889, to January, 1894. Ann Surg 20(5):497–555 25. Leong SP, Tseng WW (2014) Micrometastatic cancer cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood: clinical significance and biologic implications. CA Cancer J Clin 64(3):195–206 26. Cady B (1997) Basic principles in surgical oncology. Arch Surg 132(4):338–346 27. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH et al (1992) Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 127(4):392–399 28. Morton DL, Hoon DS, Cochran AJ et al (2003) Lymphatic map- ping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanoma: therapeutic utility and implications of nodal microanatomy and molecular staging for improving the accuracy of detection of nodal micrometastases. Ann Surg 238(4):538–549; discussion 549–550. 29. Faries MB, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2017) Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in mela- noma. N Engl J Med 8(23):2211–2222 30. Leiter U, Stadler R, Mauch C et al (2016) Complete lymph node dissection versus no dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy positive melanoma (DeCOG-SLT): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 17(6):757–767 31. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ et al (2009) Final ver- sion of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J Clin Oncol 20(36):6199–6206 27( 32. Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA, Hess KR et al (2017) Melanoma of skin. In: Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F (eds) AJCC cancer staging manual, 8th edn. Springer, New York 33. Essner R (2003) Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma. Surg Clin N Am 83(1):109–156 34. Lens MB, Dawes M, Goodacre T, Newton-Bishop JA (2002) Elective lymph node dissection in patients with melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 137(4):458–461 35. Wong SL, Morton DL, Thompson JF et al (2006) Melanoma patients with positive sentinel nodes who did not undergo com- pletion lymphadenectomy: a multi-institutional study. Ann Surg Oncol 13(6):809–816 36. Ross MI, Reintgen DS, Balch CM (1993) Selective lymphad- enectomy: the emerging role of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in the management of early stage melanoma. Semin Surg Oncol 9:219–223 37. Miliotes G, Albertini J, Berman C, Messina J, Glass F, Cruse CW, Rapaport D, Puleo C, Fenske N, Petsoglou C, DeConti R, Lyman G, Reintgen DS (1996) The tumor biology of melanoma nodal metastases. Am Surg 62:81–88

References

1. Snow HM (1892) Melanotic cancerous disease. Lancet 140:869–922 2. Bodenham DC (1968) A study of 650 observed malignant melano- mas in the South-West region. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 43:218–239 3. SEER Cancer Stat Facts https​://seer.cance​r.gov/statf​acts/html/ melan​.html . Accessed 2 Jan 2018 4. Fisher B, Fisher ER (1966) Transmigration of lymph nodes by tumor cells. Science 152:1397–1398 5. Dadras SS, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, Velasco P et al (2005) Tumor lymphangiogenesis predicts melanoma metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. Mod Pathol 18:1232–1242 6. Harrell MI, Iritani BM, Ruddell A (2007) Tumor-induced sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis and increased lymph flow precede melanoma metastasis. Am J Pathol 170:774–786 7. Cochran AJ, Morton DL, Stern S et al (2001) Sentinel lymph nodes show profound downregulation of antigen-presenting cells of the paracortex: implications for tumor biology and treatment. Mod Pathol 14:604–608 8. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2006) Sentinel- node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 355:1307–1317 9. Veronesi U, Adamus J, Bandiera DC et al (1977) Inefficacy of immediate node dissection in stage 1 melanoma of the limbs. N Engl J Med 297:627–630 10. Veronesi U, Adamus J, Bandiera DC et al (1982) Delayed regional lymph node dissection in stage I melanoma of the skin of the lower extremities. Cancer 49:2420–2430 11. Sim FH, Taylor WF, Pritchard DJ et al (1986) Lymphadenectomy in the management of stage I malignant melanoma: a prospective randomized study. Mayo Clin Proc. 61:697–705 12. Cascinelli N, Morabito A, Santinami M et al (1998) Immediate or delayed dissection of regional nodes in patients with melanoma of the trunk: a randomised trial. WHO Melanoma Program Lancet 351:793–796 13. Balch C, Soong S, Ross M et al (2000) Long-term results of a multi-institutional randomized trial comparing prognostic fac- tors and surgical results for intermediate thickness melanomas (1.0–4.0 mm). Ann Surg Oncol 7:87–97 14. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2014) Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in mela- noma. N Engl J Med 370:599–609 15. Songun I, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM et al (2010) Surgical treat- ment of gastric cancer: 15-year follow-up results of the ran- domised nationwide Dutch D1D2 trial. Lancet Oncol 11:439–449 16. Hulscher JB, van Sandick JW, de Boer AG et al (2002) Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 347:1662–1669 17. Izbicki JR, Passlick B, Pantel K et al (1998) Effectiveness of radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective ran- domized trial. Ann Surg 227:138–144 18. Giuliano AE, Ballman KV, McCall L et al (2017) Effect of axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection on 10-year overall survival among women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel

13

73