April 2020 HSC Section 4 - Plastic and Reconstructive Problems

Aesth Plast Surg (2015) 39:495–505

9. Kushida S, Kakudo N, Suzuki K, Kusumoto K (2013) Effects of platelet-rich plasma on proliferation and myofibroblastic differen- tiation in human dermal fibroblasts. Ann Plast Surg 71(2):219–224 10. Kim DH, Je YJ, Kim CD et al (2011) Can platelet-rich plasma be used for skin rejuvenation? evaluation of effects of platelet-rich plasma on human dermal fibroblast. Ann Dermatol 23(4):424–431 11. Tajima S, Tobita M, Orbay H, Hyakusoku H, Mizuno H (2015) Direct and indirect effects on bone regeneration of a combination of adipose-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma. Tissue Eng Part A 21(5–6):895–905 12. Atashi F, Jaconi ME, Pittet-Cuenod B, Modarressi A (2015) Autologous platelet-rich plasma: a biological supplement to en- hance adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell expansion. Tissue Eng Part C 21(3):253–262 13. Amable PR, Teixeira MV, Carias RB, Granjeiro JM, Borojevic R (2014) Mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation, gene expression and protein production in human platelet-rich plasma-supplemented media. PLoS ONE 9(8):e104662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104662 14. Shin MK, Lee JW, Kim YI, Kim YO, Seok H, Kim NI (2014) The effects of platelet-rich clot releasate on the expression of MMP-1 and type I collagen in human adult dermal fibroblasts: PRP is a stronger MMP-1 stimulator. Mol Biol Rep 41(1):3–8 15. Roubelakis MG, Trohatou O, Roubelakis A et al (2014) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) promotes fetal mesenchymal stem/stromal cell mi- gration and wound healing process. Stem Cell Rev 10(3):417–428 16. Farrag TY, Lehar M, Verhaegen P, Carson KA, Byrne PJ (2007) Effect of platelet rich plasma and fibrin sealant on facial nerve regeneration in a rat model. Laryngoscope 117(1):157–165 17. Cho JM, Lee YH, Baek RM, Lee SW (2011) Effect of platelet- rich plasma on ultraviolet b-induced skin wrinkles in nude mice. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 64(2):e31–e39 18. Oh DS, Cheon YW, Jeon YR, Lew DH (2011) Activated platelet- rich plasma improves fat graft survival in nude mice: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 37(5):619–625 19. Pires Fraga MF, Nishio RT, Ishikawa RS et al (2010) Increased survival of free fat grafts with platelet-rich plasma in rabbits. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63(12):e818–e822 20. Nakamura S, Ishihara M, Takikawa M et al (2010) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) promotes survival of fat-grafts in rats. Ann Plast Surg 65(1):101–106 21. Rodrı´guez-Flores J, Palomar-Gallego MA, Enguita-Valls AB, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Torres J (2011) Influence of platelet-rich plasma on the histologic characteristics of the autologous fat graft to the upper lip of rabbits. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35(4):480–486 22. Li K, Li F, Li J et al (2014) Increased survival of human free fat grafts with varying densities of human adipose-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. doi: 10.1002/ term.1903 23. Por YC, Yeow VK, Louri N et al (2009) Platelet-rich plasma has no effect on increasing free fat graft survival in the nude mouse. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(8):1030–1034 24. Chandra RK, Handorf C, West M, Kruger EA, Jackson S (2007) Histologic effects of autologous platelet gel in skin flap healing. Arch Facial Plast Surg 9(4):260–263 25. Jeon YR, Kang EH, Yang CE et al (2014) The effect of platelet- rich plasma on composite graft survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 134(2):239–246 26. Liu HY, Huang CF, Lin TC et al (2014) Delayed animal aging through the recovery of stem cell senescence by platelet rich plasma. Biomaterials 35(37):9767–9776 27. Notodihardjo PV, Morimoto N, Kakudo N et al (2015) Gelatin hydrogel impregnated with platelet-rich plasma releasate pro- motes angiogenesis and wound healing in murine model. J Artif Organs 18(1):64–71 28. Takabayashi Y, Ishihara M, Sumi Y et al (2015) Platelet-rich plasma-containing fragmin-protamine micro-nanoparticles

Finally, general and specific soft tissue and bony applica- tions have been described, and the cellular activity and signaling in these settings may be medically different. As was evident from this review, although P-PRP is the original and by far the greater studied type of platelet prepa- ration, PRFM had similarly effective properties with the possible added benefit of a longer duration of effect. Since platelets in P-PRP breakdown quickly, growth factor con- centrations rise for a short period of time, after which any effect becomes less pronounced. With PRFM, the fibrin ma- trix enhances the delivery of the growth factors and allows for a greater sustained release. The added advantage of PRFM is that it can be obtained centrifugally by autologous peripheral blood without adding any biological agents or foreign mate- rials. It is relatively low in cost and easily available. The type and uses of platelet preparations vary, and there are not yet widely established and accepted uses for it in everyday plastic surgery practice despite the growing evidence demonstrating its advantages. More research needs to be done to explore the potential uses and effec- tiveness of these platelet preparations in plastic surgery. Large, robust RCTs with objective outcome measures are needed to better define the benefits of platelet preparations in facial plastic surgery. Acknowledgments Anthony P. Sclafani has received material support for research from, and is an unpaid consultant for, Aesthetic Factors, Inc., manufacturer of Selphyl, a system to generate PRFM. 1. Sclafani AP, Romo T III, Ukrainsky G et al (2005) Modulation of wound response and soft tissue ingrowth in synthetic and allo- geneic implants with platelet concentrate. Arch Facial Plast Surg 7:163–169 2. Sclafani AP, McCormick SA (2012) Induction of dermal colla- genesis, angiogenesis, and adipogenesis in human skin by injec- tion of platelet-rich fibrin matrix. Arch Facial Plast Surg 14(2):132–136 3. Sclafani AP (2011) Safety, efficacy, and utility of platelet-rich fibrin matrix in facial plastic surgery. Arch Facial Plast Surg 13(4):247–251 4. Rughetti A, Giusti I, D’Ascenzo S et al (2008) Platelet gel-re- leased supernatant modulates the angiogenic capability of human endothelial cells. Blood Transfus 6(1):12–17 5. Kakudo N, Minakata T, Mitsui T, Kushida S, Notodihardjo FZ, Kusumoto K (2008) Proliferation-promoting effect of platelet- rich plasma on human adipose-derived stem cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 122(5):1352–1360 6. Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Kushida S, Ogawa T, Kusumoto K (2014) Platelet-rich plasma releasate promotes angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Med Mol Morphol 47(2):83–89 7. Giusti I, Rughetti A, D’Ascenzo S et al (2009) Identification of an optimal concentration of platelet gel for promoting angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Transfusion 49(4):771–778 8. Mishra A, Tummala P, King A et al (2009) Buffered platelet-rich plasma enhances mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C 15(3):431–435 References

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