HSC Section 3 - Trauma, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine

Head and Neck Reconstruction

to appropriately stage, debride, and provide local care in the acute phase of the burn. As the inter- mediate phase commences, adjunct therapy must be applied to affect improved outcomes and healing. Once the burn scar matures, one must reassess the defect and make an individual- ized plan for reconstruction, ranging from scar contracture release to complicated flap coverage. Most importantly, one must always strive to opti- mize aesthetic appearance along with function. 1. Friedstat JS, Klein MB. Acute management of facial burns. Clin Plast Surg 2009;36(4):653 . 2. Leon-Villapalos J, Jeschke MG, Herndon DN. Topical management of facial burns. Burns 2008; 34(7):903 . 3. Neale HW, Billmire DA, Carey JP. Reconstruction following head and neck burns. Clin Plast Surg 1986;13(1):119 . 4. Philp L, Umraw N, Cartotto R. Late outcomes after grafting of the severely burned face: a quality improvement initiative. J Burn Care Res 2012; 33(1):46 . 5. Gahhos FN, Ariyan S, Cuono CB, et al. Burn wound excision and local flap closure. Ann Plast Surg 1985; 14(6):535 . 6. Tenenhaus M, Bhavsar D, Rennekampff HO. Treat of deep partial thickness and indeterminate depth facial burn wounds with water-jet debridement and a biosynthetic dressing. Injury 2007;38(Suppl 5):S39 . 7. Gerding RL, Imbembo AL, Fratianne RB. Biosyn- thetic skin substitute vs. 1% silver sulfadiazine for treatment of inpatient partial-thickness thermal burns. J Trauma 1988;28(8):1265 . 8. Demling RH, DeSanti L. Management of partial thickness facial burns (comparison of topical antibi- otics and bio-engineered skin substitutes). Burns 1999;25(3):256 . 9. Horch RE, Jeschke MG, Spilker G, et al. Treatment of second degree facial burns with allografts–prelim- inary results. Burns 2005;31(5):597 . 10. Bujang-Safawi E, Halim AS, Khoo TL, et al. Dried irradiated human amniotic membrane as a biolog- ical dressing for facial burns–a 7-year case series. Burns 2010;36(6):876 . 11. Duteille F, Perrot P. Management of 2nd-degree facial burns using the Versajet( ) hydrosurgery sys- tem and xenograft: a prospective evaluation of 20 cases. Burns 2012;38(5):724 . 12. Edlich RF, Nichter LS, Morgan RF, et al. Burns of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1984; 17(2):361 . 13. Deitch EA, Wheelahan TM, Rose MP, et al. Hypertro- phic burn scars: analysis of variables. J Trauma 1983;23(10):895 . REFERENCES

14. Janzekovic Z. A new concept in the early excision and immediate grafting of burns. J Trauma 1970; 10(12):1103–8 . 15. Fraulin FO, Illmayer SJ, Tredget EE. Assessment of cosmetic and functional results of conservative versus surgical management of facial burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1996;17(1):19 . 16. Cole JK, Engrav LH, Heimbach DM, et al. Early exci- sion and grafting of face and neck burns in patients over 20 years. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109(4):1266 . 17. Maillard GF, Clavel PR. Aesthetic units in skin graft- ing of the face. Ann Plast Surg 1991;26(4):347 . 18. Gonzalez-Ulloa M. Preliminary study of total restoration of the facial skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1954;13:151 . 19. Klein MB, Engrav LH, Holmes JH, et al. Manage- ment of facial burns with a collagen/glycosamino- glycan skin substitute-prospective experience with 12 consecutive patients with large, deep facial burns. Burns 2005;31(3):257 . 20. Lille ST, Engrav LH, Caps MT, et al. Full-thickness grafting of acute eyelid burns should not be consid- ered taboo. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104(3):637 . 21. Bentrem DJ, Bill TJ, Himel HN, et al. Chondritis of the ear: a late sequela of deep partial thickness burns of the face. J Emerg Med 1996;14(4):469 . 22. Mustoe TA. Evolution of silicone therapy and mech- anism of action in scar management. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008;32:82 . 23. Serghiou MA, Homes CL, McCauley RL. A survey of current rehabilitation trends for burn injuries to the head and neck. J Burn Care Rehabil 2004;25:514 . 24. Donelan MB, Parrett BM, Sheridan RL. Pulsed dye laser therapy and Z-plasty for facial burn scars: the alternative to excision. Ann Plast Surg 2008;60:480 . 25. Alster TS, Nanni CA. Pulsed dye laser treatment of hypertrophic burn scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:2190 . 26. Waibel J, Beer K. Fractional laser resurfacing for thermal burns. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7:59 . 27. Mohallal A, Shipkov C, Braye F. Influence of the recip- ient site on the outcomes of fat grafting in facial recon- structive surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009;124:471 . 28. Edgerton M, Hansen F. Matching facial color with split thickness skin grafts from adjacent areas. Plast Reconstr Surg Transpl Bull 1960;25:455 . 29. McCauley RL, Oliphant JR, Robson MC. Tissue expansion in the correction of burn alopecia: classi- fication and methods of correction. Ann Plast Surg 1990;25(2):103 . 30. Parrett B, Pomahac B, Orgill D. The role of tissue transfer for head and neck burn reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:1871 . 31. Malhotra R, Sheikh I, Dheansa B. The management of eyelid burns. Surg Opthalmol 2009;54:356–71 . 32. Wainwright DJ. Burn reconstruction: the problems, the techniques, and the applications. Clin Plast Surg 2009;36(4):687 .

150