HSC Section 6 Nov2016 Green Book

Journal of Voice, Vol. - , No. - , 2015

TABLE 2. Comparisons of High-Speed Digital Image Parameters Between the Control and VFA Groups Parameter (Units) Control (N ¼ 20) VFA (N ¼ 46)

t Test

Laryngotopography N G

-lateral phase difference (%)

3.8 ± 4.3

6.3 ± 4.3 8.9 ± 13.6

0.034 *

N G -longitudinal phase difference (%)

14.4 ± 16.6

0.175

Single-line digital kymography N L -amplitude mean (%)

8.1 ± 2.7 18.6 ± 9.3 0.57 ± 0.13 0.19 ± 0.18

8.6 ± 3.4 16.2 ± 7.9 0.76 ± 0.17 0.18 ± 0.18 8.9 ± 10.4 0.66 ± 0.20 0.25 ± 0.14 7.3 ± 22.6 1.6 ± 11.0 0.84 ± 0.17 0.06 ± 0.17 16.7 ± 20.3 0.63 ± 1.18 94.1 ± 11.1 58.5 ± 21.9 7.0 ± 3.5

0.544 0.321

N L -mucosal wave magnitude mean (%)

SLK

O q

<0.001 y 0.906

SI SLK

N G

-lateral phase difference (%) -integral glottal width (%)

9.9 ± 6.5 4.5 ± 1.8

0.689 0.004 z

N GL

Multi-line digital kymography O q MLK

0.45 ± 0.11 0.24 ± 0.16 7.4 ± 19.2 2.4 ± 19.9

<0.001 y 0.908

SI MLK

N G -opening longitudinal phase difference (%) N G -closing longitudinal phase difference (%)

0.975 0.860

Glottal area waveform O q GAW

0.80 ± 0.18 0.11 ± 0.23

0.908 0.002 z 0.089 0.104 0.133 0.592

SI GAW

-maximal glottal area (%) -minimal glottal area (%)

8.8 ± 3.1

N L N L

0.18 ± 0.53 98.1 ± 5.0 61.8 ± 23.6

Glottal area difference index (%)

N L

-glottal outlet (%)

Abbreviations : VFA, vocal fold atrophy; N G

-, normalized by glottal cycle; N L

-, normalized by vocal fold length; Oq, open quotient; SLK, single-line kymography;

SI, speed index; N GL -, normalized by glottal cycle and vocal fold length; MLK, multi-line kymography; GAW, glottal area waveform. Notes : Values for control and VFA columns show ‘‘mean ± standard deviation,’’ and the value of t test column shows the P value of Student’s t test between all control and VFA groups.

* P < 0.05. y P < 0.001. z P < 0.01.

smaller amplitude, smaller mucosal wave, greater asymmetry, larger glottal gap, and greater supraglottal hyperactivity than the control group. Laryngotopography. Three of the patients with VFA (4.9%) revealed diplophonia almost constantly at a comfortable pitch and sound pressure level. The VFA group had larger

N G -lateral phase difference than the control group ( P ¼ 0.034; Table 2 ). However, by gender, a significant differ- ence was found only in females ( Tables 3 and 4 ). Single-line digital kymography. With SLK, patients with VFA revealed significantly greater O q SLK ( P < 0.001) and N GL - integral glottal width ( P ¼ 0.004; Table 2 ). Although O q SLK

TABLE 3. Comparisons of High-Speed Digital Image Parameters Between the Control and VFA Groups in Females Parameter (Units) Control (N ¼ 12) VFA (N ¼ 13)

t Test

Laryngotopography N G

-lateral phase difference (%)

3.1 ± 4.2

7.3 ± 3.6

0.016 *

Single-line digital kymography O q SLK

0.58 ± 0.14

0.77 ± 0.14

0.003 y 0.241

-integral glottal width (%)

4.4 ± 1.6

5.2 ± 1.8

N GL

Multi-line digital kymography O q MLK

0.46 ± 0.13

0.69 ± 0.21

0.004 y

Glottal area waveform SI GAW

0.076 ± 0.260

0.032 ± 0.177

0.261

Abbreviations: VFA, vocal fold atrophy; N G

-, normalized (by glottal cycle); O q

, open quotient; SLK, single-line kymography; N GL

-, normalized by glottal cycle and

vocal fold length; MLK, multi-line kymography; SI, speed index; GAW, glottal area waveform. Notes: Values for control and VFA columns show ‘‘mean ± standard deviation,’’ and the t test column shows the P value of Student’s t test between female con- trol and female VFA groups.

* P < 0.05. y P < 0.01.

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