Resident Manual of Trauma to the Face, Head and Neck

Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................18 Resident Trauma Manual Authors ...............................................................19 Chapter 1: Patient Assessment ......................................................................21 I. Diagnostic Evaluations .........................................................................21 A. Full-Body Trauma Assessment ....................................................21 B. History...............................................................................................22 C. Head and Neck Examination........................................................24 1. Upper Third.................................................................................24 2. Middle Third...............................................................................24 3. Lower Third.................................................................................26 4. Otoscopy.....................................................................................26 5. Neurologic Examination..........................................................27 D. Infection Control..............................................................................27 E. Imaging Studies...............................................................................27 F. Laboratory Tests .............................................................................28 G. Digital Photographs........................................................................28 II. References ..............................................................................................28 Chapter 2: General Principles in Treating Facial, Head, and Neck Trauma ...............................................................................................30 I. Special Mechanisms of Injury ...........................................................30 A. Gunshot Wounds............................................................................30 1. Ballistic Sequences...................................................................30 2. Main Factors Affecting Projectile Strike..............................30 B. Blast Injuries.....................................................................................32 1. Mechanisms for Causing and Types of Blast Injury.........32 II. Traumatic Brain Injuries ......................................................................34 A. Closed Head Injuries.......................................................................34 1. Classification by Presenting Signs and Symptoms...........34 2. Classification by CT Findings.................................................34 3. Classification by Anatomy......................................................34 4. Initial Assessment.....................................................................34 B. Penetrating Head Injury.................................................................35 C. Cautionary Notes on the Acute Management of Patients with Head Injury..............................................................35

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