September 2019 HSC Section 1 Congenital and Pediatric Problems

ZAMANI ET AL .

clinical controls in the first 2 years after treatment are advised. Another important factor is that many masses in the salivary glands are often mistaken as benign lesions, due to the asymptomatic nature, which may delay diagnosis. Future studies should aim to assess recurrence and survival pat- terns of individual SGC histopathological types in children, as well as investigate the ratio of benign and malignant tumors using nationwide registers, in comparison to adults. In addition, multinational collabora- tive efforts are needed in the future, where data should be collected prospectively in rare tumor registries (such as the EXPeRT initiative). 36 This allows for an even more thorough analysis of these rare tumors.

14. Locati LD, Collini P, Imbimbo M, et al. Immunohistochemical and molecular profile of salivary gland cancer in children. Pediatr Blood Can- cer . 2017;64:1–7. 15. Xu B, Aneja A, Ghossein R, Katabi N. Salivary gland epithelial neo- plasms in pediatric population: a single-institute experience with a focus on the histologic spectrum and clinical outcome. Hum Pathol . 2017;67:37–44. 16. Qureshi S, Bhagat M, Singhal N, et al. Clinical characteristics and treat- ment outcomes of primary and recurrent malignancy involving the sali- vary glands in children. Head Neck . 2016;38:852–856. 17. Cockerill CC, Gross BC, Contag S, et al. Pediatric malignant sali- vary gland tumors: 60 year follow up. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2016;88:1–6. 18. Fang QG, Shi S, Li ZN, Zhang X, Liu FY, Sun CF. Epithelial salivary gland tumors in children: a twenty-five-year experience of 122 patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2013;77:1252–1254. 19. Deng R, Huang X, Hao J, Ding J, Hu Q. Salivary gland neoplasms in chil- dren. J Craniofac Surg . 2013;24:511–513. 20. Liu B, Liu J-Y, Zhang W-F, Jia J. Pediatric parotid tumors : clinical review of 24 cases in a Chinese population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryn- gol . 2012;76:1007–1011. 21. Aro K, Leivo I, Grénman R, Mäkitie AA. Paediatric salivary gland cancer in Finland. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2012;76:1304–1307. 22. Galer C, Santillan AA, Chelius D, et al. Minor salivary gland malignan- cies in the pediatric population. Head Neck . 2012;34:1648–1651. 23. KupfermanME, De La Garza GO, Santillan AA, et al. Outcomes of pedi- atric patients with malignancies of the major salivary glands. Ann Surg Oncol . 2010;17:3301–3307. 24. Laikui L, Hongwei L, Hongbing J, Zhixiu H. Epithelial salivary gland tumors of children and adolescents in west China population: a clinicopathologic study of 79 cases. J Oral Pathol Med . 2008;37: 201–205. 25. Ellies M, Schaffranietz F, Arglebe C, Laskawi R. Tumors of the sali- vary glands in childhood and adolescence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 2006;64:1049–1058. 26. Whatley WS, Thompson JW, Rao B. Salivary gland tumors in survivors of childhood cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2006;134:385–388. 27. Ribeiro KCB, Kowalski LP, Saba LMB, De Camargo B. Epithelial salivary glands neoplasms in children and adolescents: a forty-four-year expe- rience. Med Pediatr Oncol . 2002;39:594–600. 28. Yu GY, Li ZL, Ma DQ, Zhang Y. Diagnosis and treatment of epithelial salivary gland tumours in children and adolescents. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg . 2002;40:389–392. 29. Hicks J, Flaitz C. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in chil- dren and adolescents: assessment of proliferation markers. Oral Oncol . 2000;36:454–460. 30. Ryan JT, El-Naggar AK, Huh W, Hanna EY, Weber RS, Kupferman ME. Primacy of surgery in the management of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in children. Head Neck . 2011;33:1769–1773. 31. Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. Tumours of the salivary glands. In: Eveson JW, Auclair P, Gnepp DR, El-Naggar AK. WHOClassi- fication of Tumours. Pathology andGenetics of Head andNeck Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005:209–281. 32. Zieliński R, Kobos J, Zakrzewska A. Parotid gland tumors in children—pre- and postoperative diagnostic difficulties. Pol J Pathol . 2014;65:130–134. 33. Iro H, Zenk J. Salivary gland diseases in children. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2014;13. https://doi.org/ 10.3205/cto000109.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

ORCID

Martin Zamani

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-8003

REFERENCES 1. Yoshida EJ, Garcia J, Eisele DW, Chen AM. Salivary gland malignancies in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol . 2014;78:174–178. 2. Rutt AL, Hawkshaw MJ, Lurie D, Sataloff RT. Salivary gland cancer in patients younger than 30 years. Ear Nose Throat J . 2011;90:174–184. 3. Ellies M, Laskawi R. Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and ado- lescents. Head Face Med . 2010;6:1. 4. Lennon P, BchMB, Orl F, Silvera VM, Perez-atayde A, CunninghamMJ. Disorders and tumors of the Salivary Glands in Children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2015;48:153–173. 5. Aro K, Leivo I, Mäkitie A. Management of salivary gland malignan- cies in the pediatric population. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2014;22:116–120. 6. Ord RA, Carlson ER. Pediatric Salivary Gland Malignancies. Oral Max- illofac Surg Clin North Am . 2016;28:83–89. 7. Bradley P, McClelland L, Mehta D. Paediatric Salivary Gland Epithelial Neoplasms. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec . 2007;69:137–145. 8. Bradley PJ, Eisele D. Salivary Gland Neoplasms in Children and Adoles- cents. Adv Otorhinolaryngol . 2016;78:175–181. 9. Sultan I, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Al-Sharabati Guzzo M, Casanova M, Ferrari A. Salivary gland carcinomas in children and adolescents: a population-based study, with comparison to adult cases. Head Neck . 2010;33:1476–1481. 10. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg . 2010;8:336–341. 11. Rebours C, Couloigner V, Galmiche L, et al. Pediatric salivary gland carcinomas: diagnostic and therapeutic management. Laryngoscope . 2017;127:140–147. 12. Mao M, Zheng L, Wang X, et al. Surgery combined with postoperative 125 I seed brachytherapy for the treatment of mucoepidermoid carci- noma of the parotid gland in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer . 2017;64:57–63. 13. Radomski S, Dermody S, Harley Jr EH. Clinical characteristics and out- comes of major salivary gland malignancies in children. Laryngoscope . 2017;128:1126–1132.

207