2017-18 HSC Section 3 Green Book

E.

Boselli

et al.

/ Anaesth

Crit

Care

Pain Med

35

(2016)

31–36

Continuous

variables

were

compared

using

Student- t

tests

after tests

verified using Kolmogorov-Smirnov

distribution normality was or with Mann-Whitney U

tests

if

the

distribution was

not

normal.

repeated

variables

were

compared

using

ANOVA

for

Continuous

measures.

Categorical

variables

were

compared

using

repeated

x 2 tests,

exact

tests

or

as

appropriate.

A

value

of

Fischer

P < 0.05 was

considered

statistically

significant.

Statistical

analyses

were performed using MedCalc 1 version 12.1.4.0

(MedCalc Software,

Belgium).

Mariakerke,

3. Results

(27 women and 13 men) with ASA scores

ranging

Forty patients

I

to

II

were

included

from

June

to

December

2013.

Four

from

patients of consent withdrawal and 1 because of a protocol violation) and 1 in the control group because of a protocol violation. For the remaining 36 patients, no data or measurements were missing or lost. The study flow chart is presented in Fig. 3 . Patient characteristics were similar between groups ( Table 1 ). The study results are presented in Table 2 . The mean SD total dose of perioperative morphine was lower in Group LB in comparison with the control group (2.5 2.8 mg versus 9.5 3.5 mg, respectively, P < 0.001). No difference was observed for the median [IQR] morphine dose administered in the PACU in Group LB in comparison with the control group (2 [0–5] mg were excluded: 3 in Group LB (2 patients because

Table 1 Patient and anaesthesia characteristics. Results are presented as means

SD or n (%).

Group

LB

( n = 17)

Control

group

( n =19)

years

38

14

35

12

Age,

Gender M

6

(35)

7

(37)

(65)

12

(63)

F

11

physical

status

ASA

(65)

15

(79)

I

11

(35)

4

(21)

II

6

(kg) (cm)

65

12

70

9

Weight Height

171

10

168

7

Fig.

4.

Comparison

of

heart

rate

(upper

panel)

and

systolic

blood

pressure

(lower

ASA:

American

Society

of Anaesthesiologists.

groups during

surgery

(ANOVA

for

repeated measures).

Error bars

panel) between

standard

deviations.

represent

Table Study

2

results.

Results

are

presented

as means

SD, medians

[IQR]

or

(%).

n

versus

2

[0–4] mg,

P = 0.85).

The mean

SD

time

spent

in

the

PACU group

lower

in

Group

LB

in

comparison

with

the

control

was (60

Control ( n =19)

Group ( n = 17)

LB

group

P

10 min versus 78

33 min,

respectively, P < 0.03). There were

differences

in

heart

rate

and

systolic

blood

pressure

between

no

Morphine

dose, mg

during

surgery

( Fig.

4 ).

There

was

a

global

intragroup intergroup

groups

Total PACU

(intraoperative + PACU)

2.5

2.8

9.5

3.5

0.001

<

[0–5]

2

[0–4]

0.85

2

in

NRS

scores

over

time

( P < 0.01)

but

no

difference difference ( P = 0.89)

spent

(min)

Time

( P = 0.74)

and

no

interaction

between

groups

and

time

the the

PACU

60

10

78

33

0.03

In In

in

the

PACU,

outpatient ward

and

on

day

1

( Fig.

5 ).

There PONV,

outpatient ward

210

[178–223]

275

[250–300]

0.001

<

no

intergroup

differences

found

for

the

incidence

of

were

intensity

in

the

PACU

Pain

to

severe

(NRS >

3)

8 4

(47) (23)

9 3

(47) (16)

1

Moderate

and

oedema

in

the

PACU

and

in

the

outpatient ward,

as

haematoma

(NRS

6)

0.69

Severe

as

for

the

incidence

of

PONV

and

patient

satisfaction

on

day

well

PONV In

patient

in

the

control

group

received

a

19 mg

total

dose

of

1. One

the the

PACU

3 0 0

(18)

2 2 4

(11) (11) (21)

0.89 0.52 0.14

(9 mg

during

the

intraoperative

period

and the

perioperative morphine

outpatient ward

(0) (0)

In

in

the

PACU)

and

experienced

excessive

somnolence

in

10 mg

1

Day

Haematoma In the

ward spent

requiring

overnight

hospitalisation.

The

median

outpatient

PACU

5 9

(29) (53)

5 6

(26) (32)

0.87 0.34

time

in

the

outpatient ward was

shorter

in Group

LB

in

[IQR]

the

outpatient ward

In

with

the

control

group

(210

[178–223]

min

versus

comparison

Oedema In the

[250–300] min,

respectively; P < 0.001). No other adverse events

275

PACU

4 7

(24) (41)

4 7

(21) (37)

0.82 0.94

the

outpatient ward

In

side

effects were

observed

in

either

group.

or

satisfaction

on

day

1

0.9

Patient

(0) (0)

1 0 4

(5) (0)

Poor

0 0 5

Average

4. Discussion

(29)

(21)

Good

(71)

14

(73)

Excellent

12

randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind

This prospective, study demonstrates

0–10

numerical

rating

scale;

PACU:

post-anaesthesia

care

unit;

PONV:

NRS:

that bilateral

facial blocks

(infraorbital blocks

postoperative

nausea

and

vomiting.

249