2017-18 HSC Section 3 Green Book

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery • Volume 25, Number 1, January 2014

Subcondylar Mandible Fractures

6. Lee JW, Lee YC, Kuo YL. Reappraisal of the surgical strategy in treatment of mandibular condylar fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010;125:609 – 619 7. Baker AW, McMahon J, Moos KF. Current consensus on the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle. A method by questionnaire. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27:258 – 266 8. AO Foundation. Mandible - diagnosis - AO surgery reference. Available at: https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/c0/ 04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hng7BARydDRwN 3QwMDA08zTzdvvxBjIwN_I_2CbEdFADiM_QM!/?segment= Mandible&bone=CMF&classification=91-Condylar process and head, simple and complex&teaserTitle=&showPage= diagnosis&contentUrl=srg/91/01-Diagnosis/ao_srg_diag_condyle_all.jsp. Accessed April 24, 2013 9. Vural E. Treatment of adult subcondylar mandibular fractures: closed vs open vs endoscopic approach. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:1228 – 1230 10. Santler G, Karcher H, Ruda C, et al. Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57:392 – 397; discussion 397 – 8 11. Konstantinovic VS, Dimitrijevic B. Surgical versus conservative 12. Palmieri C, Ellis EIII, Throckmorton G. Mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57:764 – 775; discussion 775 – 6 13. Danda AK, Muthusekhar MR, Narayanan V, et al. Open versus closed treatment of unilateral subcondylar and condylar neck fractures: a prospective, randomized clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:1238 – 1241 14. Haug RH, Assael LA. Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:370 – 375; discussion 375 – 6 15. Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C, et al. Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34:421 – 432 16. Worsaae N, Thorn JJ. Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of unilateral dislocated low subcondylar fractures: a clinical study of 52 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:353 – 360; discussion 360 – 1 17. Mueller R. Endoscopic treatment of facial fractures. Facial Plast Surg 2008;24:78 – 91 18. Kellman RM, Cienfuegos R. Endoscopic approaches to subcondylar fractures of the mandible. Facial Plast Surg 2009;25:23 – 28 19. Kellman RM. Endoscopically assisted repair of subcondylar fractures of the mandible: an evolving technique. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003;5:244 – 250 20. Troulis MJ. Endoscopic open reduction and internal rigid fixation of subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:1269 – 1271 21. Pham AM, Strong EB. Endoscopic management of facial fractures. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;14:234 – 241 22. Jacobovicz J, Lee C, Trabulsy PP. Endoscopic repair of mandibular subcondylar fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;101:437 – 441 23. Haug RH, Brandt MT. Closed reduction, open reduction, and endoscopic assistance: current thoughts on the management of treatment of unilateral condylar process fractures: clinical and radiographic evaluation of 80 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;50:349 – 352; discussion 352 – 3

mandibular condyle fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120(suppl 2):90S – 102S 24. Ellis EIII, Throckmorton GS. Bite forces after open or closed treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:389 – 395 25. Yang WG, Chen CT, Tsay PK, et al. Functional results of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures after open and closed treatment. J Trauma 2002;52:498 – 503 26. Singh V, Bhagol A, Goel M, et al. Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures: a prospective randomized study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68: 1304 – 1309 27. Ellis EIII, Simon P, Throckmorton GS. Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:260 – 268 28. Ellis EIII, Throckmorton G. Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:719 – 728; discussion 729 – 30 29. Ferretti C, Bryant R, Becker P, et al. Temporomandibular joint morphology following post-traumatic ankylosis in 26 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;34:376 – 381 30. Meng FW, Zhao JL, Hu KJ, et al. A new hypothesis of mechanisms of traumatic ankylosis of temporomandibular joint. Med Hypotheses 2009;73:92 – 93 31. Arakeri G, Kusanale A, Zaki GA, et al. Pathogenesis of post-traumatic ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: a critical review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50:8 – 12 32. Silvennoinen U, Iizuka T, Lindqvist C, et al. Different patterns of condylar fractures: an analysis of 382 patients in a 3-year period. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;50:1032 – 1037 33. Ebenezer V, Ramalingam B. Comparison of approaches for the rigid fixation of sub-condylar fractures. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011;10:38 – 44 34. Ellis EIII, McFadden D, Simon P, et al. Surgical complications with open treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:950 – 958 35. Choi BH, Yoo JH. Open reduction of condylar neck fractures with exposure of the facial nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:292 – 296 36. Farahvash MR, Yaghoobi A, Farahvash B, et al. The extratemporal facial nerve and its branches: analysis of 42 hemifacial dissections in fresh Persian (Iranian) cadavers. Aesthet Surg J 2013;33:201 – 208 37. Schubert W, Jenabzadeh K. Endoscopic approach to maxillofacial trauma. J Craniofac Surg 2009;20:154 – 156 38. Kellman RM. Endoscopic approach to subcondylar mandible fractures. Facial Plast Surg 2004;20:239 – 247 39. Cho-Lee GY, Rodriguez Campo FJ, Gonzalez Garcia R, et al. Endoscopically-assisted transoral approach for the treatment of subcondylar fractures of the mandible. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:E511 – E515 40. Troulis MJ, Ramirez JL, Kaban LB. Endoscopic approach for mandibular orthognathic surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2006;14:45 – 50 41. Alvi A, Doherty T, Lewen G. Facial fractures and concomitant injuries in trauma patients. Laryngoscope 2003;113:102 – 106

© 2014 Mutaz B. Habal, MD

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