2017-18 HSC Section 3 Green Book
Table 1 The cases from the systematic review with endoscopic versus open surgery versus no surgery
Study
Patient Age, y
Foreign Body
Path of the Foreign Body
Endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted surgery Bai et al., 5 2011
3 4
Scissors
Transnasal, transethmoid, intracranial
Burkhardt et al., 4 2012
Wooden toy rod
Medial orbit through the lamina, posterior ethmoid, contralateral sphenoid though the OCR then through the cavernous sinus adjacent to the ICA, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe Transnasal, transcribriform intracranial between the frontal lobes up to the third ventricle Through the nasal dorsum into the ethmoid and the maxillary sinus, no skull base or orbital injury Transmedial orbit, ethmoid, no dural breach Transnasal through the ethmoid into the sphenoid Transnasal, transphenoid sinus through the clivus in the medial occipital region Through the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid, sphenoid, and clivus just to the inner cortex Transorbital through medial orbit into ethmoid and sphenoid sinus Left oral cavity through the nasal cavity on the left, then through the septum to the right nasal cavity though the ethmoid sinus then intracranial through the ethmoid roof Transorbital through the medial orbit then the lateral nasal wall and into the inferior turbinate and floor of the nose Transmaxilla through the nose, bilateral ethmoids to the superolateral contralateral orbit and skull base Medial orbit, ethmoid, frontal sinus region back to the sphenoid Submental through the tongue and palate through the posterior ethmoids then intracranial through the skull base Through the medial orbit and through the ethmoid and sphenoid and cribriform adjacent to the clinoid process and optic canal Extended from the medial aspect of the left orbit, through the left ethmoid sinus and the nasal septum to the right sphenoid sinus through the lateral wall but did not penetrate the dura Transorbital through the ethmoid and intracranial Inferior medial orbit through the lamina through the posterior ethmoid into the sphenoid and clivus; no intracranial involvement Left medial orbit through the ethmoid, septum, ethmoid on the contralateral side into the orbit and then into the temporal lobe Transnasal through the ethmoid then the cribriform Between the medial canthus and nasion through the lamina through the ethmoid transcribriform Transorbital through the medial orbit into the ethmoid and orbital apex into the prepontine area Transnasal, transethmoid, septum through the tuberculum sellae into the prepontine region Through the maxillary sinus through the eye and orbital roof into the frontal lobe Transmaxillary and lower eyelid through the roof and posterior ethmoid intracranially through the posterior frontal wall Transnasal through the cribriform
Cetinkaya et al., 6 2006
4
Pencil
Dehgani Mobaraki et al., 12 2016
36
Nail
Dekker et al., 24 2014 Kitajiri et al., 26 2001
38 69 53
Brass eagle ornament
Bamboo stick Metal chopstick
Lee et al., 13 2011
Liebelt et al., 14 2016
42
Screwdriver
Mori et al., 21 1999
47
Numerous wooden pieces
Perakis and Woodard, 16 2010
21
Tree branch
Santoro et al., 28 2014
50
Branch
Schreckinger et al., 2 2011
21
Windshield wiper control stalk
42
Steel hook
Thomas et al., 15 2007
41
BB gun pellet
Tsao et al., 30 2006
45
Plastic chair glide
Wu et al., 33 1998
36
Pen
Open surgery
Cackett and Stebbing et al., 19 2005
20
Knife
Damm et al., 23 2015
3
Wooden branch
Davis et al., 11 2000
13
Pen
de Tribolet et al., 8 1979
8 2 7
Paintbrush
Fallon et al., 10 1992
Wooden stick
Kawamura et al., 17 1997
Wooden chopstick
Mzimbiri et al., 1 2016
50
Chopsticks
3
Chopstick
Scarfo et al., 20 1990
43
Metal piece from a harvester
Seex et al., 29 1997
71
Key
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
43
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