xRead - An Update on Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (November 2025)
The new england journal of medicine
A Overall Survival
Median Overall Survival (95% CI)
No. of Patients with Event
100 80 90 70 60
3-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
5-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
10-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
71.9 (38.2–114.4) 36.9 (28.2–58.7) 19.9 (16.8–24.6) mo
58 (52–63)
Nivo+Ipi (N=314) Nivolumab (N=316) Ipilimumab (N=315)
173 192 243
52 (46–57)
Nivolumab+Ipilimumab
43 (38–49)
40 30 50 20 10
51 (45–56)
44 (39–50)
Nivolumab
Hazard ratio for death, nivo+ipi vs. ipilimumab, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.44–0.65) Hazard ratio for death, nivolumab vs. ipilimumab, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52–0.76) Hazard ratio for death, nivo+ipi vs. nivolumab, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.69–1.05)
37 (32–43)
34 (28–39)
26 (22–31)
Ipilimumab
Percentage of Patients
19 (15–24)
0
0 6 12
18
24
30
36 42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
Months
Nivo+ipi Nivolumab Ipilimumab No. at Risk
314 316 315
265 265 253
227 231 203
210 201 163
199 181 135
187 171 113
179 158 100
169 145 94
163 141 87
158 137 81
156 134 75
153 130 68
147 126 64
144 123 64
139 118 63
126 107 50
124 102 49
120 98 44
117 96 43
115 92 42
92 77 35
10 4 3
0 0 0
B Melanoma-Specific Survival
Median Melanoma
100 80 90 70 60
3-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
5-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
10-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
No. of Patients with Event
Specific Survival (95% CI)
63 (57–68)
57 (51–63)
Nivolumab+Ipilimumab
52 (46–58)
NR (71.8–NR) 49.4 (35.1–119.4) 21.9 (18.1–27.4) mo
Nivo+Ipi (N=314) Nivolumab (N=316) Ipilimumab (N=315)
139 163 221
40 30 50 20 10
55 (49–60)
49 (43–54)
Nivolumab
44 (38–50)
36 (30–41)
Hazard ratio for death from melanoma, nivo+ipi vs. ipilimumab, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.39–0.59) Hazard ratio for death from melanoma, nivolumab vs. ipilimumab, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.49–0.73) Hazard ratio for death from melanoma,
30 (24–35)
Ipilimumab
Percentage of Patients
23 (18–28)
0
0 6 12
18
24
30
36 42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
Months
nivo+ipi vs. nivolumab, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.64–1.01)
Nivo+ipi Nivolumab Ipilimumab No. at Risk
314 316 315
265 265 253
227 231 203
210 201 163
199 181 135
187 171 113
179 158 100
169 145 94
163 141 87
158 137 81
156 134 75
153 130 68
147 126 64
144 123 64
139 118 63
126 107 50
124 102 49
120 98 44
117 96 43
115 92 42
92 77 35
10 4 3
0 0 0
C Progression-free Survival
No. of Patients with Event
11.5 (8.9–20.0) 6.9 (5.1–10.2) 2.9 (2.8–3.1) mo Median Progression free Survival (95% CI)
100 80 90 70 60
3-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
5-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
10-Yr Estimate (95% CI)
Nivo+Ipi (N=314) Nivolumab (N=316) Ipilimumab (N=315)
192 212 262
40 30 50 20 10
39 (34–45)
37 (31–42)
Nivolumab+Ipilimumab
31 (26–37)
Hazard ratio for disease progression or death, nivo+ipi vs. ipilimumab, 0.42 (95% CI, 0.35–0.51) Hazard ratio for disease progression or death, nivolumab vs. ipilimumab, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.45–0.65) Hazard ratio for disease progression or death, nivo+ipi vs. nivolumab, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65–0.96)
32 (26–37)
29 (24–35)
Nivolumab Ipilimumab
23 (18–29)
Percentage of Patients
7 (5–11)
6 (3–10)
10 (7–14)
0
0 6 12
18
24
30
36 42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
Months
Nivo+ipi Nivolumab Ipilimumab No. at Risk
314 316 315
175 151 78
138 120 46
126 106 34
112 97 31
104 84 28
100 78 21
94 73 18
88 69 16
85 66 15
80 62 13
78 58 12
72 55 11
68 52 10
62 49 10
58 45 10
53 42 8
51 40 8
49 38 8
42 24 4
15 12 1
0 0 0
14
n engl j med 392;1 nejm.org January 2, 2025
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