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Journal of Vestibular Research 32 (2022) 1–6 DOI:10.3233/VES-201644 IOSPress

Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria (Update) 1

Literature update 2021

Consensus document of the Ba´ra´ny Society and the International Headache Society

Thomas Lempert a , ∗ , Jes Olesen b , Joseph Furman c , John Waterston d , Barry Seemungal e , John Carey f , Alexander Bisdorff g , Maurizio Versino h , i , Stefan Evers j , Amir Kheradmand k and David Newman-Toker k a Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik, Berlin, Germany b Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark c Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA d Monash University Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia e Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK f Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA g Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg h Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy i University of Insubria, Varese, Italy j Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Lindenbrunn, Coppenbru¨gge, Germany k Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract . This paper presents diagnostic criteria for vestibular migraine, jointly formulated by the Committee for Classi fication of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the Migraine Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (IHS). It contains a literature update while the original criteria from 2012 were left unchanged. The clas sification defines vestibular migraine and probable vestibular migraine. Vestibular migraine was included in the appendix of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3, 2013 and 2018) as a first step for new entities, in accordance with the usual IHS procedures. Probable vestibular migraine may be included in a later version of the ICHD, when further evidence has accumulated. The diagnosis of vestibular migraine is based on recurrent vestibular symptoms, a history of migraine, a temporal association between vestibular symptoms and migraine symptoms and exclusion of other causes of vestibular symptoms. Symptoms that qualify for a diagnosis of vestibular migraine include various types of vertigo as well as head motion-induced dizziness with nausea. Symptoms must be of moderate or severe intensity. Duration of acute episodes is limited to a window of between 5 minutes and 72 hours.

Keywords: Migraine, vertigo, dizziness, vestibular, diagnostic criteria, Ba´ra´ny Society, International Headache Society

1. Preface to the update

cation of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta version 2013 [2] and ICHD-3 2018 [3]) where they appear in the appendix for new syndromes. This literature update leaves the diagnostic criteria unchanged and adds recent developments and findings, particularly in the Comments section. Probably the most rele vant progress is the separate publication of diagnostic criteria for childhood vertigo syndromes related to migraine [4].

The current consensus criteria for the diagnosis of vestibular migraine were first published in 2012 by the International Ba´ra´ny Society [1]. In 2013 they were introduced in the International Classifi 1 This is a revision of the 2012 paper. ∗ Corresponding author: Thomas Lempert, E-mail: Thomas. Lempert@schlosspark-klinik.de.

ISSN 0957-4271 © 2022 – The authors. Published by IOS Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0).