xRead - Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Clinical Practice (March 2026)

Ng et al. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

(2025) 25:236

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Acknowledgements We thank Dr Clyve Yu Leon Yaow and Mr Ansel Shao Pin Tang for helping to develop and refine the search strategies for this review. Author contributions All authors have made substantial contributions to all the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. No writing assistance was obtained in the preparation of the manuscript. The manuscript, including related data, figures and tables has not been previously published, and the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere. Conceptualization, Design and Methodology: K.X.Z., Q.X.N., Data Curation: K.X.Z., C.X.L.G., G.Z.N.S., S.S.N.G., Q.X.N., J.J.W.N., E.W., X.Z., Formal Analysis: K.X.Z., C.X.L.G., G.Z.N.S., Q.X.N., J.J.W.N., E.W., X.Z., S.S.N.G., H.K.T., Investigation: C.X.L.G., G.Z.N.S., K.X.Z., Q.X.N., J.J.W.N., E.W., X.Z., H.K.T., S.S.N.G., Supervision: H.K.T., S.S.N.G., Q.X.N., Writing– original draft: Q.X.N., J.J.W.N., E.W., X.Z., Writing– review & editing: K.X.Z., H.K.T., S.S.N.G., Q.X.N., J.J.W.N., E.W., X.Z.

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Data availability No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Declarations

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details 1 NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3 Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 4 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore 5 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 6 Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 7 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

Received: 26 November 2024 / Accepted: 4 June 2025

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