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KUANetal.

TABLE VIII.4 Evidence surrounding resectability of tumors involving the skull base.

Clinical endpoints

Author

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Conclusion

Patel et al. 181

Intracranial extension and PSM are predictors of worse OS, DSS, and RFS Surgical margins, histology, and extent of intracranial involvement were predictors of OS, DSS, and RFS Brain involvement negatively predicted OS, DSS, and RFS

1. OS 2. DSS 3. RFS 1. OS 2. DSS 3. RFS 1. OS 2. DSS 3. RFS

2012 3

Retrospective cohort

151 patients who

underwent CFR for ONB 334 patients with SNM (excluding ONB)

Ganly et al. 174

2005 3

Retrospective cohort

Patel et al. 180

2003 3

Retrospective cohort

1307 patients who

underwent CFR for malignancies affecting the skull base 225 patients with SNM involving the anterior skull base 239 patients with SNM who underwent endoscopic resection 19 patients undergoing endoscopic resection with transnasal craniectomy and subpial dissection for nasoethmoidal malignancies with brain invasion 41 patients with SNM involving the anterior skull base undergoing CFR 40 patients with T4 staged maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with CFR

Mehta et al. 179

2021

4

Retrospective case series

1. Progression 2. Survival 3. Treatment related

Brain invasion was present in 19% of patients at the time of surgery and was associated with worse OS

complications

1. 25% rate of intracranial extension 2. NSM achieved in 87.4% patients 1. Six (54.5%) cases with PSM, five of which had dura involvement and one had brain invasion 2. 10.5% complication rate

Abdelmeguid et al. 182

1. Survival 2. Surgical

2020 4

Retrospective case series

complications

Mattavelli et al. 184

2019 4

Retrospective case series

Complications

Konig et al. 132

Survival

1. 37% dural invasion, 7% brain parenchymal invasion 2. NSM achieved in 59% of patients, correlated with improved OS and RFS 1. Cavernous sinus involvement correlated with worse OS 2. PSM correlated with worse OS if no cavernous sinus invasion present GTR achieved in 100% of patients despite intracranial involvement in 65% of patients Four patients experienced complications (two CSF leaks), one stroke leading to death, and one sepsis leading to death

2018 4

Retrospective case series

Nishio et al. 186

2015 4

Retrospective case series

OS

Kimet al. 183

1. Tumor char acteristics 2. Survival

2015 4

Retrospective case series

17 patients with

anterior skull base malignancies treated with CFR

Couldwell et al. 188

2014 4

Retrospective case series

Eight patients undergoing

Description of

adverse events

complete resection of the cavernous sinus

(Continues)