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346

KUANetal.

TABLE XXXI.B.2 Evidence surrounding morbidity related to orbital resection/orbitotomy for sinonasal tumors.

Clinical endpoints 1. 30-day

Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Conclusions

Traylor et al. 2105 2021 3

1. 15% of patients had 30-day postoperative complications, including surgical site infections (7%), CSF leak (2%), pneumocephalus ( < 1%), cerebral edema ( < 1%), epidural hematoma ( < 1%), and pneumonia (3%) 2. Clavien–Dindo classification: Grade I (0), Grade II (9%), Grade IIIa (2%), Grade IIIb ( < 1%),Grade IVa (2%), Grade IVb (0), and Grade V( < 1%) Orbital preservation group: 63% had no or grade 1 visual impairment, 9% had grade 2 visual impairment, 11% grade 3, and 13% grade 4 1. 91% of patients had a useful seeing eye, 41% of whom had one or more ocular symptoms 2. 40 patients had no subjective change in vision, nine had partial loss of vision with continued serviceable vision, two had partial loss with nonserviceable residual vision, two had only light perception, and one no light perception 3. 34 patients had globe malposition. Additional findings included ectropion (11), blepharitis (18), corneal exposure keratopathy (6), epiphora (7), dryness (5), optic atrophy (2), and cataract formation (4) 1. Resection of orbital floor outcomes: no light perception (2), ectropion (7), enophthalmos (3), keratitis (4), keratopathy (2), diplopia (4), and optic atrophy (1) 2. Preservation of orbital floor outcomes: ectropion (2), epiphora (1), keratitis (1), and local tumor recurrence followed by exenteration (1)

Retrospective cohort

180 patients who

postoperative complications

underwent orbital exenteration for malignancies. 40 of these were for sinonasal primary tumors

2. Clavien– Dindo

classification

Li et al. 495

2019 3

Retrospective case series

72 patients with ONB who underwent resection (53% endoscopic) and RT Seven (10%) had orbital exenteration and 65 (90%) orbital preservation underwent resection of SNM involving the orbit: 12 orbital exenteration and 54 orbital preservation 66 patients who

Visual

impairment

1. Functional outcomes 2. Change in vision 3. Other ocular sequelae

Imolaand

2002 3

Retrospective cohort

Schramm 338

Stern et al. 2106

1993 3

Retrospective cohort

18 patients who

Functional outcomes after 1. Orbital floor resection 2. Orbital floor preservation

underwent total maxillectomy with resection of orbital

floor versus 10 patients with preservation of orbital floor

(Continues)