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20426984, 2021, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22741 by Stanford University, Wiley Online Library on [01/07/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

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Table of Contents I. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 216 I.A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 217 I.B. Methods ................................................................................................................................. 217 I.C. Results .................................................................................................................................. 217 I.C.1. Definitions and Diagnostic Algorithms .......................................................................... 217 I.C.2. Incidence, Prevalence, and Endotype ............................................................................ 217 I.C.3. Individual Burden of Disease ....................................................................................... 221 I.C.4. Societal Burden of Disease ........................................................................................... 221 I.C.5. Management of RS ..................................................................................................... 221 I.C.5.a. Evidence-Based Medical Management Recommendations for RS .......................... 221 I.C.5.b. Evidence Based Recommendations for Surgical Timing and Indications in RS ....... 221 I.C.5.c. Evidence Based Surgical Management Recommendations for RS .......................... 221 I.C.5.d. Surgical Complications and Prevention Techniques in ESS .................................. 221 I.C.5.e. Postoperative Care Following ESS .................................................................... 228 I.C.6. CRS and COVID-19 ..................................................................................................... 228 I.C.7. Knowledge Gaps ........................................................................................................ 233 I.D. Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 233 I.E. Lay Summary ......................................................................................................................... 234 II. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 235 II.A. List of Abbreviations Used ...................................................................................................... 241 II.B. Possible Adverse Effects of Common Rhinosinusitis Treatments .................................................. 244 III. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 244 IV. Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 247 IV.A. Topic Development ............................................................................................................... 247 IV.B. ICAR-RS Statement Development ........................................................................................... 248 V. Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 248 V.A. Acute Rhinosinusitis (ARS) .................................................................................................... 248 V.B. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) .................................................................................................. 250 V.B.1. CRS: Disease or Syndrome? ......................................................................................... 250 V.B.2. CRS: Endotyping ....................................................................................................... 253 V.B.3. CRS: Unified Airway Concept and Comorbid Asthma ..................................................... 257 V.C. Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis (RARS) .................................................................................... 257 V.D. Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis ........................................................................... 261 V.E. Subacute Rhinosinusitis .......................................................................................................... 261 V.F. Coexistence of Rhinitis with Sinusitis: What Evidence Supports Using the Term “Rhinosinusitis”? ... 264 V.G. Definition Differences for Pediatric Rhinosinusitis ..................................................................... 264 VI. General Concepts of Rhinosinusitis. .............................................................................................. 266 VI.A. Societal Burden of Rhinosinusitis ........................................................................................... 266 VI.A.1. Direct Costs of Rhinosinusitis .................................................................................... 266 VI.A.2. Indirect Costs of Rhinosinusitis ................................................................................. 267 VI.B. Individual Burden of Rhinosinusitis ........................................................................................ 268 VI.C. Disease Measurement ........................................................................................................... 269 VI.D. CRS Quality Metrics ............................................................................................................. 270 VI.E. Necessity of and Approach to Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of CRS Treatments ...................... 271