xRead - Nasal Obstruction (September 2024) Full Articles

20426984, 2021, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22741 by Stanford University, Wiley Online Library on [01/07/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

255

Orlandi et al.

(Continues)

TABLE V-3 Studies identifying putative CRS endotypes Study Year LOE Study Design Study Groups Main Biomarkers Endotypes Tomassen 49 2016 4 Case-control 173 patients, 89 controls in Europe Tissue: IL-5, IFN-y, IL-17A, TNF- α , IL-22, IL1 β , IL-6, IL-8, ECP, MPO, TGF- β , IgE, SE-IgE, Albumin 10 total: 6 IL-5 positive, 4 IL-5 negative. IL-5 + clusters with higher % of polyps and asthma; Divekar 47 2017 4 Case-control 26 patients, 6 controls in theU.S. Tissue: IL-1R α , IL-2, IL-3, IL-4,

with high IL-5 clusters notable for high levels of SE-IgE. 3 total: Th1/Th17, Th2, and PDGF/VEGF dominant

7 total; 1 – Th2 dominant, eosinophilic CRS. 2 – Mild inflammation, atopic CRS. 3 – High IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, neutrophilic CRS.

4 – High IgG3, mild inflammation, moderate eosinophils. 5 – High IL-10, IL-17A.

6 – Moderate IL-8, neutrophilic, difficult to treat.

7 – Mild inflammatory load with nasal polyps.

IL-17A, IL-22, IL-25, Eotaxin, bFGF, C-CSF, IFN- γ , IP-10,

IL-12p40 and 70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IFN- γ ,MCP,MIP, Tissue: IL-1 β , IL-1R α , IL-2, IL-4,

MCP-1, MIP-1a, PDGF-BB, MIP-1b, TNF- α , VEGF, IgG1-4, IgM, IgE, eosinophils,

IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9,

G-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF, FGF,

EGF, MDC, Fractalkine, GRO, FLT3, IP10, IFN, VEGF, Eotaxin

IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8. IL-9. IL-10, IL-12. IL-13, IL-15,

neutrophils, plasma cells,

mononuclear cells, mucosal glands

Liao 48 2018 4 Case-control 246 patients, 16 controls in China