xRead - Nonallergic Rhinitis (September 2025)

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13989995, 2022, 7, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.15223 by University Of Chicago, Wiley Online Library on [15/07/2025]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

AVDEEVA et al .

FIGURE 2 Algorithm behind definitions of NAR phenotypes. Green arrows with a “ + ” sign represent “Yes,” and red arrows with a “−” sign represent “No.” NHR – nasal hyperreactivity

2.2 | Statistical analysis

presented in Figure 2 . Based on the algorithm, each subject was assigned exclusively to one phenotype. If a participant was not defined as having rhinorrhea of the elderly (ROE), occupational rhinitis (OR), rhinitis medicamentosa (RM), smokers' rhinitis (SR), hormonal rhinitis (HR), drug-induced rhinitis (DR), or gustatory rhi nitis (GR) and had CR and NHR, he/she was classified in idiopathic rhinitis (IR) group. If NHR was absent, he/she was classified into the “other” group.

Data are summarized as frequencies, means and standard devia tions, medians, and interquartile ranges. To detect the differences between the groups, we used an unpaired sample t -test for normally distributed numerical variables (age), and an independent-sample Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU-test) for non-normally distributed nu merical variables (VAS score) (SPSS).