xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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463

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.16a Section evidence summary: Related to congenital causes Study Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Conclusions

Harris

2006 2

Cross-sectional

Outpatients with OD

Subjective and objective (ODT, OIT, and SDOIT)

Patients with ICA and trauma present with the poorest OD scores Total anosmia rate of 93.1% in ICA

et al 914

Fonteyn et al 916

2014 3

Retrospective

Patients with nonsinonasal OD Subjective and objective (SS-TDI)

cohort review (patients, single-center)

Abolmaali et al 917

2002 4

Case-control

Patients with ICA vs controls MRI findings

Depth of olfactory

sulcus on MRI reflects presence of olfactory tract

Aiba

2004 4

Case series

Patients with ongenital anosmia MRI findings

MRI can identify abnormalities in patients with ICA ICA associated with increased social

et al 934

Croy

2012 4

Case-control

Patients with ICA vs controls Subjective (QOL questionnaires)

et al 57

insecurity, depression, accidents

Cui

1997 4

Case-control

Patients with ICA vs controls UPSIT R ,ODT, ERP

Olfactory-evoked

et al 936

potentials provide a measure of OF

Dahmer Heath et al 931

2020 4

Case-control

Patients with renal ciliopathies U-Sniff and SS-ID

Underlying gene mutations (eg,

TMEM67) increases risk of hyposmia

Hauser

2018 4

Case series

Pediatric patients with OD Etiology, utility of imaging MRI has higher utility than CT in evaluating ICA

et al 932

Henkin

2016 4

Noncontrolled Patients with ICA

Improvement in smell function on theophylline

Oral theophylline may restore OF in some forms of ICA relationship between volumetric MRI findings and OD 0% recovery for patients with ICA ICA associated with abnormality or absence of olfactory neuroepithelium Characteristic

et al 938

Karstensen et al 919

2018 4

Case-control

Patients with ICA vs controls Objective (SS-TDI and MRI)

Kim

2020 4

Retrospective

Patients with hyposmia

Objective (CCCRC test and B-SIT)

et al 937

cohort review

Leopold et al 921

1992 4

Case series

Patients with presumed ICA Objective (olfactory ensheathing cell–conditioned medium) and biopsies

Peter

2020 4

Case-control

Patients with ICA vs controls Objective (MRI findings) Characteristic MRI findings with ICA

et al 920

Powell

2017 4

Retrospective case series

Patients with hyposmia

Objective (MRI findings) ICA is rare ( ≈ 5%ofOD overall) and often presents in adulthood

et al 933

Total ansomia is most common in patients with ICA MRI can be helpful in diagnosis

Qu

2010 4

Retrospective case series

Patients with ICA

Objective (T&T

et al 935

olfactometer, ERP, CT, MRI)

(Continues)