xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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486

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VIII.1 Section evidence summary: History and physical examination to guide diagnosis Study Year LOE Study design Study groups Clinical end point

Conclusions

Deems 135

History, physical

History and physical examination were used to delineate History and physical examination were used to delineate History and physical examination were used to delineate OD presented in various qualities and associated symptoms History and physical examination were used to delineate and neck examination with endoscopy are recommended for patients with suspected olfactory loss potential causes of OD potential causes of OD potential causes of OD potential causes of OD History and full head recommended for patients with potential underlying neurological etiology, although formal neurocognitive testing can be deferred to the specialist options are available for patients presenting with OD by etiology Various management Basic neurological examination is

1991

4

Case series

Objective olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (n = 750)

examination, UPSIT R , PEA threshold

Temmel et al 69

2002 4

Case series

Objective hyposmia or anosmia (n = 278)

History, physical

examination, SS-TDI

Landis

2004 4

Prospective cohort study

All patients seen in a tertiary center clinic (n = 1240)

History, physical

et al 1033

examination, SS-TDI

Frasnelli et al 23

2004 4

Case report

Selected cases of OD (n = 5)

History, physical

examination, SS-TDI

Harris

2006 4

Case series

Subjective olfactory or gustatory dysfunction (n = 1000)

History, physical

et al 914

examination, butanol threshold, 10-odor identification test Recommendations on diagnosis and management of OD

Hummel et al 14

2017 5

Guideline

N

Miwa

2019 5

Guideline

NA

Recommendations on management of OD

et al 1034

Seidenand

2001

4

Case series

Subjective OD (n = 428)

History, physical

History and physical examination were used to delineate Anterior rhinoscopy failed to diagnose

Duncan 137

examination, UPSIT R

potential causes of OD

conductive pathology in 51% of cases in comparison to 9% with nasal endoscopy LOE = level of evidence; NA = not available; OD = olfactory dysfunction; PEA = phenylethyl alcohol; SS-TDI = Sniffin’ Sticks threshold, discrimination, identi fication combination; UPSIT R = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.