xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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496

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VIII.4 Advanced MRI techniques (requiring research environment) Study Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point SS-TDI fMRI: brain activation following odorous stimulation

Conclusions

BOLD signal was not able to discriminate between patients with OD and controls because of large interindividual variabilities No correlation between OF and fMRI parameters Possible to discriminate between Parkinson related–OD and non-Parkinson OD with an accuracy of 88.3% Morphological alterations were found in CA at the level of OFC No morphological difference at the level of thePOC No difference in functional connectivity in the olfactory cortex Patients with CA had network dysfunction, but structural integrity (fractional anisotropy) remained intact; retronasal deficits were more associated with white matter alterations PT anosmia was associated with changes in olfactory and global brain network connectivity Brain activation was decreased in primary and secondary olfactory cortices in patients with PT anosmia compared with controls PIOD was associated with gray matter volume loss in the right OFC Duration of olfactory loss was negatively correlated with OFC volume Patients with PTOD had decreased odor-induced brain activation Brain activation was negatively correlated to time since injury

Yunpeng et al 1080

2020 3

Prospective cohort

22 patients with OD (14 congenital, 8 idiopathic) 16 normosmic controls

Tremblay et al 1089

2020 3

Prospective cohort

15 patients with PD 15 patients with PIOD or sinonasal OD 15 controls 33 patients with CA 34 normosmic controls 33 patients with CA 33 normosmic controls 20 patients with CA 16 normosmic controls

SS-TDI MRI: OBV and convolutional

neural network analysis

Peter

SS-TDI Voxel-based

2020 3

Prospective cohort

et al 920

morphometry Cortical thickness OSdepth SS-TDI Resting-state fMRI: functional connectivity SS-TDI and retronasal powder test) Diffusion tensor imaging: diffusion tensor-based network analysis; fractional anisotropy measure

Peter

2020 3

Prospective cohort

et al 1081

Chen

2020 3

Prospective cohort

et al 1090

Park

2019 3

Prospective cohort

16 patients with PT anosmia 12 normosmic controls 16 patients with PT anosmia 19 normosmic controls

Korean SS-TDI Functional brain network connectivity

et al 1082

(resting-state fMRI) Korean SS-TDI fMRI: brain activation responses to olfactory stimulation

Moon

2018 3

Prospective cohort

et al 1075

Yao

2018 3

Prospective cohort

19 patients with PIOD 19 normosmic controls

T&T olfactometer Voxel-based morphometry OBV Time since injury

et al 254

Han

SS-TDI fMRI: brain activation

2018 3

Prospective cohort

40 patients with PTOD(19 hyposmia, 21 hyposmia) 19 normosmic controls

et al 1076

to olfactory stimulation Time since injury

(Continues)