xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

513

PATEL et al.

TABLE VIII.7 (Continued)

Normative data available

No. of odorsor items

Commercially available

Reliability coefficient

Test name and author/s Snap & Sniff Odor Threshold Test Dotyet al. (2018) 1184,1185

Comments

Test type

0.87

Yes

Yes

Employs 20 refillable smell “wands” that briefly expose odors within housings that eliminates possibility of wick directly touching the nose Long odor retention No blindfolds required Validated on 736 clinic patients Norms based on 414 patients Uses wands to present odorants in sets of 3, with one odorant differing from the other two Test score is the number of sets of 20 combinations that are correctly identified Scores correlate 0.79 with UPSIT R scores Percentile ranks available for 41 healthy patients Uses essential oils as stimuli If patients detects a scent, a 4-alternative forced-choice odor ID task Differentiates between normals and nasosinus patients Correlates 0.75 with UPSIT R Oral “tasteless” flavor powders assessed retronasal function Percentiles established within normal, hyposmic, and anosmic orthonasal tested groups Only a 2-point difference from 5th to 95th percentiles in normal group Remarkably, test correlates higher than its own reliability values with SS tests (ID, 0.88; D, 0.84; threshold, 0.77), likely reflecting distribution issues in which Pearson correlations should not have been used In this study of 150 patients, a 30-odor ID test applicable in Thailand was compared with theUPSIT R and found a 0.64 correlation between the 2 tests

DT

1 odor 15 con

centra tions 5blanks

Snap & Sniff Odor Discrimination Test Doty, 2019 1186

DISC

20

NR

Yes

Yes

0.85

No

No

Affordable Rapid Olfaction Measurement ArrayTest Villwock et al, 2020 1187

ID

14 2 concen tra

tions each

Retronasal Powder Olfactory

ID

20

0.60

No

No

Identification Test II

Yoshino et al, 2020 1188

30-Odor Thailand Smell Identification Test Kasemsuk et al 2020 1189

ID

30

NR

No

No

*These times will vary depending on the patients. Some tests require preparation. B-SIT = Brief Smell Identification Test; CCCRC = Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center; CT = computed tomography; DISC = discrimination; DT = detection threshold; ID, identification; IR = intensity rating; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Survey; NIH = National Institutes of Health; NR = not reported; NSHAP = National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project; OM = odor memory; PD = Parkinson disease; PEA = phenylethyl alcohol; PST = Pocket Smell Test; PR = pleasantness rating; RT = recognition threshold; SS = Sniffin’ Sticks; TDI = threshold, discrimination, and identification; T&T = Toyoda and Takagi; UPSIT R = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. All tests are a level of evidence of 5.