xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

607

PATEL et al.

TABLE IX-37 Use of theophylline or other PDEIs to treat OD

Clinical end point

Study

Year LOE Drug

Study design Study groups

Conclusions

Oral theophylline for 4 to 6 months may improve functional brain activation in response to odorant stimulation dose-dependent response to 8 days of sildenafil 50 mg had no effect, whereas the 100-mg dose showed decreased objective OF presumably causedby constricted airflow Significant objective in patients with hyposmia being treated for unknown duration for inner ear disease 50.3% of patients were responsive to treatment for 2 to 10 months based on Low levels of cAMP and cGMP within nasal mucus may predict lack of response to oral theophylline with 2 to 10 months of treatment Therewas a improvement in odor thresholds were seen > 5% subjective improvement

Levy

1998 4

Oral theophylline

Case series

4 patients with

Functional brain

et al 1590

250–500 mg daily

hyposmia (male)

activation in response to odorant stimulation

Gudziol

2007 2

Sildenafil 50 mg and 100 mg daily

Double-blinded, placebo controlled, crossover

20 HCs (male)

SS-TDI

et al 364

Gudziol

SS-TDI

Case series

19 patients with inner ear conditions (6

2009 4

Pentoxifylline Intravenous 400 and 600 mg daily

et alet al 1588

with hyposmia)

Henkin

2009 4

Oral theophylline 200 to 800 mg daily

Case series

312 patients with hyposmia

Subjective and objective psy chophysical measure ments Subjective and objective psy chophysical measure ments

et al 1585

Henkin

Case series

31 patients with hyposmia with available pretreatment and posttreatment

2011 4

Oral theophylline 200 to 800 mg daily

et al 1591

cAMPand cGMPand theophylline levels

Henkin

2012 4

Intranasal

Case series

10 patients with hyposmia and hypogeusia

Subjective and objective psy chophysical measure ments

Intranasal theophylline for up to 4 weeks

et al 1586

theophylline 20 μ g each naris daily

may improve objective odor detection and recognition thresholds

Meusel

76 patients with hyposmia

SS-T and SS-D Single administration of caffeine had no effect on objective OF (Continues)

2016 2

Caffeine 65 mg once Double-blind, placebo controlled

et al 1587