xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE IV.3 Section evidence summary: Increased hazard exposure Study Year LOE Study design Population

Outcome

Conclusions

Survey completion Decreased QOL, with 71% fearing “exposure to hazardous substances (eg, gas, smoke),” compared with 15% of controls Survey completion Decreased QOL, with 49% almost or always “scared of getting exposed to certain dangers (eg, gas, rotten food)” Fatalities from fire Children aged < 11 years and elderly aged > 70 years represented a

Ahmedy et al

2020

3

Case-control

32 adults post-TBI with olfactory loss, and 32 adults post-TBI with no olfactory loss

Altundag et al

2015

3

Cohort

199 of 2824 patients

admitted to hospital who indicated OD

Barillo et al

1996

4

Case series

727 fire fatalities in New Jersey, 1985–1991

disproportionate percentage of fire victims

Blomqvist et al

2004

4

Case series

72 patients with anosmia (46%) or hyposmia (54%)

Survey completion Perceived main risk of failure to detect

fire/smoke (42%), rancid food (19%), dangerous chemicals (12%)

Patients with OD had an increasing likelihood of

Bonfils et al

2008

3

Case-control

57 hyposmics and 49 controls

Reported

occurrence of hazardous events

experiencing all hazardous events

Chalke et al

1957

4

Case-control

61 patients aged > 65

Ability to smell

Approximately 33% of elderly patients were unable to smell gas, compared with 7% of controls

years and 30 patients aged < 65 years

“odour of town gas”

Olfactory-impaired

Individual

Croyet al

2011

3

Case-control

235 anosmic/hyposmic and 235 normosmic individuals

individuals attach less importance to smell in daily life than controls.

Importance of Olfaction Questionaire completion

Croyet al

2012

3

Case-control

32 patients with

Survey completion Anosmics were

idiopathic congenital anosmia, 36 age-matched normosmic HCs

significantly more likely to report

household accidents (eating spoiled foods, burning food, burning clothes ironing, problems perceiving smoke, general accidents in household) than controls

Keller et al

2013

4

Case series

1000 with self-reported OD

Survey completion 72% “scared of exposure to dangers” Survey completion The impaired group had higher disability and lower QOL than the improved group (Continues)

Miwaet al

2001

3

Retrospective cohort Smell clinic–tested patients: impaired = 345, improved = 75