xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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358

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.2 (Continued) Study

Year LOE Study design

Study groups

Clinical end point

Conclusions UPSIT R scores were strongly negatively correlated with tissue eosinophil counts in patients with CRSwNP ( r = − 0.60, P = 0.0003) but not patients with CRSsNP ( r = 0.16, P = 0.42) Higher prevalence of anosmia was seen among patients with CRSwNP vs patients with CRSsNP, as well as lower mean TDI scores, mean retronasal olfaction scores, worse endoscopy, and OC scores Lower odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification scores among patients with CRSwNP vs patients with CRSsNP Retronasal identification was worse among patients with CRSwNP vs patients with CRSsNP Strong correlation between retronasal and total orthonasal olfaction scores were seen among all patients ( r = 0.77, P < 0.001) Retronasal olfaction scores were worse among patients with CRSwNP OC endoscopy score independently predicted retronasal olfaction ( r = –0.42, P < 0.001), suggesting that inflammation or blockage of OC drives olfactory loss rather than changes in airflow alone Superior turbinate tissue of patients with CRSwNP had significantly increased eosinophilic inflammation, and olfactory threshold deficits were significantly associated with NP status, as well as superior turbinate

Ganjaei 206

2018 4

Case series

CRS (n = 70) CRSwNP (58.5%) CRSsNP (41.4%)

Olfactory testing: retronasal and

orthonasal (SS-TDI)

Othieno 207

Olfactory testing: retronasal and

2018 4

Case series

CRS (n = 69) CRSwNP (58.0%) CRSsNP (42.0%)

orthonasal (SS-TDI)

OC endoscopy score

Lavin 177

2017 4

Cross-sectional

CRS (n = 73) CRSwNP (49.3%) CRSsNP (50.7%) HCs (n = 26)

Olfactory testing (SS-T andUPSIT R ) obtained in a subset of patients Tissue biopsies Gene expression of CLC protein CT and endoscopic analysis Smell identification testing (UPSIT R ) Mucosal histopathologic findings (ethmoid cavity)

eosinophilia, even after controlling for NP status

Soler 197

Higher mucosal eosinophil counts correlated with worse UPSIT R scores ( r = -0.253; P = 0.002)

2009 4

Cross-sectional

CRS (n = 147) CRSwNP (44.9%) CRSsNP (55.1%)

(Continues)