xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.5 Section evidence summary: non–COVID-19 Post Viral Olfactory Dysfunction Study Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point SS-TDI Electrophysiologic responses MRI measurements of OB

Conclusions

Hyposmia was more prevalent than anosmia 35 patients showed olfactory ERPs 109 patients had trigeminal ERPs Greater decrease in OB size correlated with greater loss of smell

Rombaux et al

2009

4

Retrospective cohort

122 patients

undergoing psychosocial and electrophysiologic recordings after chemosensory stimuli undergoing imaging for OB measurements

50 patients

Kattar et al

2020

1

Systematic review NA

NA

OT demonstrates

clinically significant improvement in PVOD

SS-TDI

46% of anosmic patients and 35% of hyposmic patients had clinically significant improvement in smell over an average of 1.94 years PVOD is complex with many possible mechanisms patients, coronavirus in 1 patient, parainfluenza in 1 patient, and Epstein-Barr virus in 3 patients Rhinovirus in 10

Cavazzana et al

2018

3

Retrospective cohort

791 patients

underwent SS test at first and final visits

Lee et al

2020

1

Systematic review NA

NA

Suzuki et al

2007

4

Cross-sectional

24 patients with PVOD

Identification of virus present in a patient withOD

Wanget al

2009

4

Case-control

25 patients with PVOD 22 controls

Identification of PIV3 22 of 25 patients had positive PIV3 epithelial samples compared with 2 of 22 positive PIV3 epithelial samples

Rhinovirus detected in 13 of 38 patients Coronavirus OC43 detected in 1 of 38 patients

SS-TDI Detection of viruses in OC specimens

Tianet al

2021

4

Cross-sectional

151 patients with PVODwere enrolled, with

samples taken from 38 patients who visited within 3 months of symptom onset Unknown number of patient samples

Jafeket al

2002

4

Cross-sectional

Histopathologic slides of nasal epithelium biopsies

Replacement of the

neuroepithelium with respiratory-like epithelium, a highly disorganized OE, and metaplastic squamous epithelium (Continues)