FLEX January 2024

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Liu et al

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Table 2. Classification of Resurfacing Materials Used in Studies.

Density

Source a

Soft (Cartilage, Perichondrium, Muscle, Fascia)

Hard (HA, Bone, BoneDust)

Autologous Only

Artificial Only

Source

Material

Both

Honkura 10 (2014)

Tragal perichondrium

1

1

Song 29 (2012)

Push into recess

Yoshida 22 (2007)

Cortical bone, bone dust, and periosteum HA or temporalis fascia or tragal cartilage

1

1

Vaisbuch 8 (2018)

3 (all complete resolution)

5 (3 complete, 2 partial resolution)

7 (5HA, 2 bone dust)

1 (cartilage/fascia)

VanDamme 9 (2017) Tragal cartilage 1 fibrin sealant 1 bone pate

1

1

Yeo 7 (2018)

1 (JBDi)

1 (SSDi)

1 (HA)

1 (temporalis muscle)

Surgicel, Gelfoam, and temporalis muscle with fibrin glue or HA bone cement

DeHart 6 (2018)

HA

3

3

El-Begermy 14 (2010) Bone dust, perichondrium, tragal cartilage

7

7 (mixed)

Rouillard 31 (1985)

Septal cartilage xenograft, held in place with Gelfoam HA and (temporalis fascia or dermal replacement matrix; Alloderm) and bone pate Bone chips to compress SS, temporalis fascia and HA for resurfacing Bone wax, harvested cortical bone chip, fibrin glue, 1 case with mixed calcium phosphate Temporalis muscle, fascia, and bone pate Mastoid cortex with bone wax, after cauterization of diverticulum Temporalis muscle, bone debris (unspecified), and fibrin glue Temporalis muscle and fascia or bonewax Bone powder and temporalis fascia Temporalis fascia and bone powder Bone dust, bone wax

1

1

Eisenman 4 (2018)

40

40

Zeng 24 (2016) Kim 25 (2016)

27

27

8

8

Song 26 (2015)

4 (3 complete, 1 partial resolution)

1 (complete resolution)

5

Wang 27 (2015)

25

25

Santa Maria 28 (2013) Temporalis muscle and fascia

1

1

Zhao 33 (2013) b Xue 30 (2012)

2

2

3

3

Hou 34 (2011)

1

1

Meng 32 (2010) b

1

1

Otto 5 (2007)

3

3

Abbreviations: HA, hydroxyapatite bone cement; JBDi, jugular bulb diverticulum; SS, sigmoid sinus; SSDi, sigmoid sinus diverticulum. a For included studies that reported some cases with autologous material and some with artificial, the exact number of cases reported with each type of

material are specified in parentheses. b Non-English language text (Chinese).

absorbable hemostatic gauze and Gelfoam. 29 Although no autologous tissue or bone cement was used given concerns of possible vascular occlusion, we included this study in our review because the manipulation of the ICA described may still have created a sound baffle to reduce PT. 29 Outcomes for the 5 resurfacing cases for arterial sources of PT included 3 (60%) with complete resolution and 2

aberrant ICA into a recess to treat PT associated with arterial dehiscence or aberrancy. Three of these 5 studies reported ICA aberrancy, 10,22,29 and 2 reported ICA dehiscence. 8,9 Endoaural and hypotympanic resurfacing approaches ( Figure 2 ) were used for resurfacing, except in 1 study in which an aberrant tympanic ICA was translocated into an artificially created recess in the hypotympanum and covered with