xRead - Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (October 2025)

Article

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56729-6

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Peak Log2 Fold Change in HPV-6 specific IFN SFU

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Peak Log2 Fold Change in HPV-11 specific IFN SFU

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 5 20 % INO-3107 specific CD8+CD38+PD1+Prf+ above Screening

40 60 90 120

30

20

Populations

10

Number of Signficantly

Expanded Unique Clone

0

INO-3107 drives signi fi cant T-cell in fi ltration into papillomas predominantly from emergent T-cell clones that traf fi c fromblood Due to IPA suggesting a variety of active T-cell-related pathways in patient airways, further exploration was undertaken to elucidate the

type and extent of T-cell in fi ltration. Single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was employed as a means of more speci fi cally describing tissue-localized CD8 + T-cell populations on a per-patient basis. Results of these assessments identi fi ed the presence of various CD8 + T-cell in fi ltration signatures, inclusive of those bearing transcriptional hallmarks of both

Nature Communications | (2025)16:1518

5