xRead - Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (October 2025)

Article

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56729-6

Fig. 3 | INO-3107 signi fi cantly enriches antiviral immune status in airways of responders ( n =12). A Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results for hallmark interferon gamma, interferon alpha, and in fl ammatory signatures comparing pre treatment papilloma tissue with end of study tissue, inclusive of p valueand q value, as determined by one-sided false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons, shown in the inset table. Core enriched genes are displayed with an intensity of color-coding tracking to rank metric scores of those genes. Non-core enriched genes are found in the supplement. B Heatmap of 280 differentially

expressed genes (DEGs) in responders using one minus Spearman rank correlation with average linkage for hierarchical clustering and samples grouped by study visit; this gene set was analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), which con fi rmed the activation of interferon-gamma and interferon alpha signaling pathways in responder tissue at end of study versus screening via p value and z -score, as determined using one-sided Fisher ’ s exact test and reported in the inset table. HPV human papillomavirus, TMM trimmed mean of M -values, CPM counts per million.

Nature Communications | (2025)16:1518

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