xRead - Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (October 2025)

Article

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56729-6

A

Patients

50

25

0 0 0 0

0

-25

-2

-2

-2

-50

-3

-3

-3

-3

-4

-2 -4

PR CR OCR

-75

-3

-3

-4

-4

-100 Percent (%) Change in Surgeries On Study As Compared To Previous Year

-7

-6

-2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -4

CR PR OCR

B

CR PR OCR

100

Before Treatment

After Treatment

100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

ORR

ORR

% Patients

% Patients

0

0

Efficacy: HPV-11

Efficacy: HPV-6

CR PR OCR

100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

ORR

% Patients

0

Efficacy: All Patients

Fig. 1 | INO-3107 reduces or eliminates surgical interventions ( N = 32 patients). A Waterfall plot indicating a change in the frequency of clinically indicated surgical interventions during the year of study as compared with the year before. Change in the number of interventions is indicated for each individual patient, and responding patients are color-coded. Complete responders (CR) are labeled dark blue, partial responders (PR) are labeled light blue, and patients who exhibited a decrease in surgical intervention but contributed only to the calculation of overall clinical response (OCR) are green. Non-responders are labeled gray (increase in surgery) or with 0 (no change). B Top left panel: Airway pictures taken before treatment with INO-3107 or after the completion of treatment. The top row is a

complete responder before treatment and at Week 52, the middle and bottom rows are partial responders taken before treatment and Week 26. Top right panel: Bar graphs indicating ef fi cacy breakouts for patients infected with HPV-6, patients infected with HPV-11, and all patients in the study. Complete (dark blue) and partial response (light blue) are separated within the overall response rate (ORR) stack for clarity. OCR (all patients exhibiting a decrease in surgical frequency of any mag nitude in green) is graphed separately to allow for comparison. Bottom panel: Responses are also broken out in tabular fashion. HPV human papillomavirus; % percent.

Nature Communications | (2025)16:1518

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