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Reddy & Baugnon

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Fig. 13. CT findings in the setting of IIH. Axial and cor onal CT bone window images of a patient with IIH. ( A ) Scalloping of the inner table of the calvarium ( ar rows ). ( B , C ) Prominent arachnoid pits, in their com mon location along the sphenoid wing ( arrows ). ( D ) Enlarged neural foramina, as seen in this enlarged fo ramen ovale on the right ( arrow ). ( E ) Multiple osseous defects: bilateral defects along the cribriform plates ( arrows ).

CTC ( Fig. 17 ): Presence of osseous defects in the skull base, plus Increased density or pooling of high-density soft tissue in the sinuses or mastoids adja cent to the defect - Can measure region of interest (ROI) and compare on the precontrast and postcontrast images: a 2-fold increase in attenuation is diagnostic of a leak 20 - Other findings include contrast washout intracranially ipsilateral to a high-flow leak, souffle´ effect with increasing den sity of contrast dependently, and move ment of contrast with changes in patient position, confirming an active leak

for diagnosing a CSF leak on each of the previ ously described modalities is as follows: CT ( Fig. 16 ): Presence of osseous defects in the skull base, particularly if there is adjacent fluid layering dependently within or adjacent to the bony defect in the sinuses or mastoids Polypoid nondependent soft tissue in the sinonasal cavity, or along the tegmen, adja cent to an osseous defect (suspicious for meningoencephalocele) 20 - Particularly nondependent unilateral soft tissue in the olfactory recess in isolation should be suspicious for small meningocele 67

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