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Wise et al.

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Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript

Study Year LOE Study design Study groups Clinical endpoint Conclusion

All dimensions of sleep impaired by AR, disease severity correlated with degree of sleep impairment. daytime sleepiness, and SDB.

SPT, PSG PAR did not affect PSG findings compared to controls.

62% OSA; 53% AR in OSA. No difference in AR/atopy between OSA and non-OSA cohorts.

Park et al. 729 2012 3b Observational AR in OSA increases stress and fatigue, worsens sleepiness and QOL. Meng et al. 720 2011 3b Case-control 1 PAR (n = 98); 2 Controls (n = 30) cohort 1 PAR (n = 10); 2 Control (n = 10) cross-sectional 2 OSA without rhinitis (n = 75)

PSG PSG parameters showed modest changes in PAR patients.

Rimmer et al. 711 2009 3b Observational Actigraphy AR has increased sleep fragmentation and reduced sleep quality. Canova et al. 730 2004 3b Case-control 1 OSA (n = 72); 2 COPD controls (n = 44) Symptom score, spirometry, SPT cohort 1 SAR (n = 25); 2 Controls (n = 25)

OSA more likely to be sensitized to perennial allergens (11% in OSA vs 2.3% COPD).

ESS, SF-36, PSG SAR leads to increased daytime sleepiness compared to controls. PSG, serum and nasal cytokines

Differing cytokine levels associated with variations in PSG.

PSG AR patients had 10-fold increase in microarousals compared to controls.

symptoms are present and have high nasal resistance.

Leger et al. 727 2006 2c Population-based AR (n = 591) SDQ, ESS, symptom score

Questionnaire, PSG AR and nasal obstruction associated with snoring, ESS, stress score, fatigue score, coping score, RQLQ

Sleep clinic patients (n = 157) History, laboratory testing 1 OSA and AR (n = 37);

McNicholas et al. 718 1982 4 Case series AR (n = 7) Nasal resistance, PSG AR patients have worse OSA symptoms when

Young et al. 714 1997 2c Population-based Survey subjects (n = 4297); objective testing subjects (n = 911) Bozkurt et al. 721 2017 3b Case-control 1 PAR and OSA symptoms (n = 150); 2 Controls (n = 95) cross-sectional

Krouse et al. 719 2002 3b Exploratory cohort 1 AR (n = 4); 2 Controls (n = 4) cohort 1 AR (n = 14); 2 Controls (n = 7)

Gadi et al. 728 2017 3b Observational

Stuck et al. 731 2004 3b Observational

Lavie et al. 712 1981 3b Observational

AR = allergic rhinitis; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; CSAQLI = Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FOSQ = Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire; LOE = level of evidence; NAR = non-allergic rhinitis; OR = odds ratio; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PAR = perennial allergic rhinitis; PSG = polysomnogram; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; QOL = quality of life; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RQLQ = Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire; SAR = seasonal allergic

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 10.