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Wise et al.

Page 407

Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript TABLE IX.B.11.c.

Evidence for the use of herbal therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis Herb Mechanism of action Evidence Side effects Astragalus membranaceus Unknown RDBPCT comparing 80 mg daily × 6 weeks showed significant improvement in rhinorrhea, changes in TSS, and QOL. 1512 Pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis Aller-7 Possibly through antioxidant and anti inflammatory pathways 1513-1515 2 RDBPCTs showed some relief of symptoms with Aller-7. However, there were some contradictory findings. 1516 Dry mouth, gastric discomfort Benifuuki green tea Inhibits type I and type IV hypersensitivity reactions 1517, 1518 RDBPCT showed 700 mL Benifuuki green tea daily significantly reduced AR symptoms, improved QOL, and suppressed peripheral eosinophils. 1519 None reported Biminne Unknown RDBPCT found 12 weeks of biminne significantly reduced sneezing. 1520 Not reported Butterbur ( Petasites hybridus ) Inhibits leukotriene and histamine synthesis and mast cell degranulation 1521 Hepatic toxicity, headache, gastric upset None reported None reported Nigella sativa (Black seed) Gastrointestinal complaints with oral

Capsaicin Thought to desensitize and deplete sensory C fibers1522, 1523 No evidence of a therapeutic effect of intranasal capsaicin in AR. 1524, 1694 Mucosal irritation, burning Cinnamon bark, Spanish needle, acerola (ClearGuard) Inhibits production of prostaglandin D2 1525 RDBPCT showed 450 mg CG TID comparable to loratadine 10 mg in symptom Grape seed extract Contains catechin monomers that may inhibit allergen-induced histamine release1526 intake. Nasal dryness with topical drops. Perilla frutescens Polyphenolic phytochemicals such as rosmarinic acid inhibit inflammatory processes and the allergic reaction. 1533-1536 RDBPCT showed 50 mg or 200 mg P. frutescens enriched for rosmarinic acid did not significantly improve symptom scores.1537 None reported Mild gastrointestinal side effects Spirulina Reduces IL-4 levels, 1541 inhibits histamine release from mast cells 1542 Not reported Ten-Cha ( Rubus suavissimus ) None reported TJ-19 a Not reported reduction. CG prevented increase in prostaglandin D2 release following nasal allergen challenge.1525 RDBPCT showed no benefit of 100 mg grape seed extract BID on nasal symptoms, need for rescue medications, or QOL.1527 Inhibited histamine release from rat macrophages.1528 Thymoquinone may inhibit Th2 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration in airways.1529 2 RDBPCTs showed N. sativa capsules and 1 RDBPCT showed N. sativa nasal drops improve AR symptoms.1530-1532 1 RDBPCT did not find significant differences between treatment and placebo.1530 Inhibits cyclooxygenase activity and histamine release by mast cells 1544 Inhibits histamine signaling and IL-4 and IL-5 expression in a rat model 1546 RCM-101 Inhibits histamine release and prostaglandin E2 production 1538, 1539

RDBPCT showed 4 tablets of RCM-101 TID for 8 weeks significantly improved symptom scores and RQLQ.1540 RDBPCT showed 2000 mg/day spirulina significantly improved sneezing, rhinorrhea, congestion, and nasal itching. 1543 RDBPCT showed no significant improvement in symptom scores, RQLQ, or need for antihistamine with 400 mg daily of Ten-Cha extract. 1545

3 RDBPCTs showed Butterbur effective in alleviating symptoms, attenuating nPIF recovery, and reducing maximum % nPIF decrease from baseline after adenosine monophosphate challenge. Butterbur similar to antihistamine for improving QOL and symptom relief. 1516 1 RDBPCT demonstrated no benefit for nPIF, symptoms, or QOL. 1516

RDBPCT showed 3 g TJ-19 TID significantly improved sneezing, stuffy nose, and runny nose. 1547

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 10.