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Wise et al.

Page 408

Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Herb Mechanism of action Evidence Side effects Tinofend ( Tinospora cordifolia ) Leukocytosis

Not reported

Possibly through anti-inflammatory effects 1548 RDBPCT showed 300 mg Tinofend × 8 weeks significantly improved multiple AR symptoms and a significant decrease in eosinophil, neutrophil, and goblet cell counts on nasal smear. 1548 In vitro: antagonist/negative agonist activity against Histamine-1 receptor, inhibits mast cell tryptase, prevents mast cell degranulation, inhibits prostaglandin formation 1549 1 RDBPCT showed symptom improvement over placebo at 1 hour. 1550 1 systematic review showed no significant intergroup differences. 1516

Urtica dioica (stinging nettle)

a Not available in the United States as it contains ephedra. AR = allergic rhinitis; BID = 2 times daily; CG = ClearGuard; IL = interleukin; nPIF = nasal peak inspiratory flow; QOL = quality of life; RDBPCT = randomized double blind placebo controlled trial; RQLQ = Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire; TID = 3 times daily; TSS = Total Symptom Score.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 10.