xRead - Nasal Obstruction (September 2024) Full Articles

20426984, 2021, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22741 by Stanford University, Wiley Online Library on [01/07/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

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X.D.13.a. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP: Surfactants .................................... 515 X.D.13.b. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP: Manuka Honey .............................. 515 X.D.13.c. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP: Xylitol ........................................... 515 X.D.13.d. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP: Colloidal Silver .............................. 515 X.D.13.e. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP Furosemide .................................... 515 X.D.13.f. Topical Alternative Therapies for CRSwNP: Capsaicin ...................................... 516 X.D.14. Management of CRSwNP: Influence of Head Position, Device, Surgery, and Nasal Anatomy on Distribution of Topical Medications .................................................. 516 X.D.15. Management of CRSwNP: Aspirin Desensitization for AERD ......................................... 518 X.E. Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis ................................................................................................. 519 X.E.1. AFRS Pathophysiology ............................................................................................... 519 X.E.2. AFRS Management .................................................................................................... 532 X.E.2.a. AFRS Management: Anti-Fungal Therapy (Oral and Topical) ............................. 532 X.E.2.b. AFRS Management: Immunotherapy .............................................................. 532 X.E.3. AFRS Management: Anti-IgE ...................................................................................... 535 X.F. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Complications ........................................................... 535 XI. Acute Exaccerbation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (AECRS) .............................................................. 000 XI.A. AECRS: Incidence and Prevalence .......................................................................................... 536 XI.B. Pathophysiology of AECRS .................................................................................................... 536 XI.C. Management of AECRS ......................................................................................................... 538 XI.D. Complications of AECRS ....................................................................................................... 538 XII. Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis .............................................................................................. 540 XII.A. General Concepts ............................................................................................................... 540 XII.A.1. Goals of Sinus Surgery ............................................................................................. 540 XII.A.2. Surgical Venue: Office vs Operating Room ................................................................. 541 XII.A.3. Primary vs Revision Surgery: How Do Decision-Making Approach and Goals Differ? ...... 541 XII.A.4. Anesthesia Technique in Sinus Surgery ..................................................................... 542 XII.A.4.a. Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) vs Inhalational Anesthesia ...................... 542 XII.A.4.b. Hypotensive Anesthesia .............................................................................. 543 XII.A.5. Perioperative Pain Management and Opioid Reduction ................................................ 547 XII.A.6. Sinus Surgery Utilization Trends and Variation ........................................................... 557 XII.B: Indications for Sinus Surgery ................................................................................................ 557 XII.B.1. Appropriate Medical Management ............................................................................. 557 XII.B.1.a. What is appropriate medical therapy (AMT)? .................................................. 557 XII.B.1.b. How long should appropriate medical management last? ................................. 559 XII.B.1.c. When should AMT be deemed to have failed? ................................................. 559 XII.B.1.d. What is the response rate and long-term control rate following MMT/AMT? ...... 559 XII.B.2. Timing of Sinus Surgery ........................................................................................... 559 XII.B.3. Patient Selection and Achieving a Minimally Clinically Important Difference in Sinus Surgery ................................................................................................................. 562 XII.C. Preoperative Management for Sinus Surgery ........................................................................... 564 XII.C.1. Preoperative Management in CRSsNP ....................................................................... 564 XII.C.1.a. Effect of Preoperative Corticosteroids in CRSsNP ............................................ 564 XII.C.1.b. Effect of Preoperative Oral Antibiotics in CRSsNP ........................................... 565 XII.C.2. Preoperative Management in CRSwNP ...................................................................... 565 XII.C.2.a. Effect of Preoperative Corticosteroids in CRSwNP ........................................... 565 XII.C.2.b. Effect of Preoperative Oral Antibiotics in CRSwNP ......................................... 565