xRead - Nasal Obstruction (September 2024) Full Articles

20426984, 2021, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22741 by Stanford University, Wiley Online Library on [01/07/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

240

International consensus statement on rhinosinusitis

XII.D. Surgical Principles/Techniques ............................................................................................. 569 XII.D.1: Extent of Surgery .................................................................................................... 569 XII.D.1.a. Ostium Size ............................................................................................... 569 XII.D.1.b. Mucosal Preservation vs Mucosal Removal ..................................................... 573 XII.D.1.c. Balloon Dilation ......................................................................................... 578 XII.D.1.d. Extent of Frontal Surgery ............................................................................. 579 XII.D.2. Concurrent Septoplasty with Sinus Surgery ................................................................ 582 XII.D.3. Middle Turbinate Preservation or Resection in Sinus Surgery ....................................... 586 XII.D.4. Use of Image Guidance for Sinus Surgery .................................................................. 590 XII.D.5. Use of Packing in Sinus Surgery ................................................................................ 607 XII.D.6. Inert Stents in Sinus Sugery ..................................................................................... 609 XII.D.7. Drug Eluting Packing, Stents, and Spacers in Sinus Surgery .......................................... 618 XII.E. Postoperative Management following Sinus Surgery ................................................................ 624 XII.F. Outcomes of Sinus Surgery ................................................................................................... 628 XII.G. Complications of Sinus Surgery and Prevention Strategies ........................................................ 632 XIII. Pediatric Rhinosinusitis .............................................................................................................. 663 XIII.A. Pediatric Acute Rhinosinusitis ............................................................................................. 363 XIII.A.1. Pediatric ARS: Incidence and Prevalence .................................................................. 636 XIII.A.2. Pediatric ARS: Contributing Factors ......................................................................... 637 XIII.A.3. Pediatric ARS: Diagnosis ........................................................................................ 639 XIII.A.4. Pediatric ARS: Management ................................................................................... 640 XIII.A.5 Pediatric ARS: Complications .................................................................................. 643 XIII.B. Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis .......................................................................................... 643 XIII.B.1. Pediatric CRS: Incidence/Prevalence ........................................................................ 643 XIII.B.2. Pediatric CRS: Contributing Factors ......................................................................... 644 XIII.B.3. Pediatric CRS: Diagnosis ........................................................................................ 644 XIII.B.4. Pediatric CRS: Management .................................................................................... 646 XIII.B.5. Pediatric CRS: Complications .................................................................................. 651 XIV. Special Considerations in Rhinosinusitis ..................................................................................... 651 XIV.A. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) ............................................................................................................ 651 XIV.B. Chronic Granulomatous Diseases ......................................................................................... 652 XIV.C. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia .................................................................................................. 653 XIV.D. Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis ............................................................................................. 653 XIV.D.1. Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AIFS) ............................................................. 654 XIV.D.2. Chronic Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis (CIFS) .......................................................... 655 XIV.D.3. Granulomatous Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis (GIFS) ............................................... 655 XV. Summary of Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities ........................................................... 655 XV.A. Rhinosinusitis: State of the Science ........................................................................................ 655 XV.B. Etiopathogenesis and the Treatable Trait ................................................................................. 655 XV.C. Pharmacologic Management and the Topical Paradox .............................................................. 656 XV.D. Interventional Strategies in Upper Airway Disease ................................................................... 656 XV.E. Next Generation Research Tools ............................................................................................ 656 XV.F. COVID-19 and Rhinology ...................................................................................................... 657 XVI. CRS Management in the Context of COVID-19 ............................................................................. 657 XVI.A. Risk of COVID-19 for a CRS Patient ...................................................................................... 657 XVI.B. Risk of COVID-19 for a Healthcare Provider Treating a CRS Patient .......................................... 657 XVI.C. Sinonasal Symptomatology Related to COVID-19 .................................................................... 658 XVI.D. Medical Treatment of CRS in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic .............................................. 658 XVI.E. Surgical Treatment of CRS in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic .............................................. 659 XVII. References ................................................................................................................................. 659