xRead - Nasal Obstruction (September 2024) Full Articles

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Orlandi et al.

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PAR3 expression 2-fold elevated expression in AFRS vs control.

SNECs challenged with fungi lead to increased IL-33 expression and release.

Multiple laboratory and clinical parameters did not differ between the 2 groups.

Fungal protease activates IL-33 expression from SNECs in PAR2 dependent pathway.

Cytokine levels did not correlate with presence of CRS. Fungal-specific IgE, not IgG, levels strongly correlated with IL-5 production.

Fungal cultures were more frequently positive in CRSwNP and AFRS patients compared to CRSsNP and controls. T helper 2 memory to fungi found in sinus cavities only noted in CRSwNP or AFRS.

Design Study Groups Clinical Endpoint Conclusions Dietz 628 2019 4 Case control study

Microarray analysis and PCR

Laboratory and clinical parameters

Cytokine production following fungal exposure;

Fungal-specific serum IgG and IgE levels

Positive fungal culture of sinus lavage

Th2 memory based on ELIspot

IL-33 and ST2 expression from sinonasal mucosa

Flow cytometry analysis of ILC2 from sinoaasal mucosa

fungal components and monitored IL-33 expression

CRSwNP (n = 49); Controls (n = 13) SNECs challenged with

CRSsNP (n = 30); CRSwNP (n = 73); Controls (n = 8)

AFRS (n = 15); Controls (n = 5; CRSwNP (n = 5)

CRSwNP (n = 37); AFRS (n = 26);

Controls (n = 7)

Controls (n = 15)

CRSsNP (n = 21);

CRS (n = 10)

intranasal fungi determined by PCR

Tosun 632 2007 4 Case series CRS patients with and without

control

control

control

control

study

study

study

study

Porter 622 2014 4 Case

Orlandi 631 2009 4 Case

Shaw 626 2013 4 Case

Ebert 629 2014 4 Case

Study

TABLE IX-5 Evidence for fungus as a contributing factor for CRS Study Year LOE