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International consensus statement on rhinosinusitis

Human bronchial epithelial cells challenged with A. alternata increase IL-33 secretion via voltage-dependent anion channel.

Blood cells from 90% of CRS patients but 0% from control patients produced more IL-5, IL-13, IFN- γ .

93% of CRS patients and 98% of controls were positive for fungus on PCR. Fungal culture rates were similar.

Fungal PCR recovery rates did not differ. For those with positive fungal results, quantitative PCR was identical for the 2 groups.

Taylor 636 2002 4 Case series CRS patients Presence of chitin All specimens were positive for chitin. Ponikau 616 1999 4 Case control study CRS (n = 210); controls (n = 14) Fungal culture results 96% of CRS patients had positive fungal cultures; 100% of controls had positive fungal cultures. Srisomboon 627 2020 N/A Invitro studies N/A Fungal induced IL-33 secretion from bronchial epithelial cells

Fungal recovery rate was the same between the 2 groups. Fungal results did not correlate with SNOT-20 or SF-36.

Fungal-specific IgG and IgA levels were higher in eosinophilic mucin CRS patient groups compared to healthy controls.

Fungal-specific IgG and IgA levels were not different from AR and non-eosinophilic mucin CRS patients.

Fungal-specific IgG was elevated in CRS patients but not controls.

Design Study Groups Clinical Endpoint Conclusions Murr 621 2006 4 Case control study Kim 620 2005 4 Case

Alternaria and Aspergillus

CRS (n = 82); Controls (n = 40) Fungal culture and PCR results

CRS (n = 19); controls (n = 19) Fungal recovery on PCR andqPCR

CRS (n = 37); Controls (n = 37) Fungal recovery on qPCR; Correlation of qPCR and QoL measures

fungal-specific IgG and IgAlevels

following exposure to

fungi; Fungal-specific serum IgG levels

CRS (n = 18); controls (n = 15) Cytokine production

Eosinophilic mucin CRS; AFRS; AFRS-like; Nonallergic fungal eosinophilic RS; Nonallergic,

nonfungal eosinophilic RS; AR with fungal allergy; Control

control

control

control

control

study

study

study

study

Pant 633 2005 4 Case

Shin 635 2004 4 Case

Scheuller 634 2004 4 Case

Study

TABLE IX-5 (Continued) Study Year LOE