xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.13 Section evidence summary: Related to neurotransmitter disease states Author Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Conclusions Quantitative

Olfactory psychophysical tests (eg, UPSIT R and SS-TDI)

Moberg

1999 1

Systematic review 787 patients with a DSM

et al 875

meta-analysis indicates substantial olfactory deficits, among all domains, are observed in patients with schizophrenia The influences of sex, medication status, and smoking on effect sizes were not significant among studies indicating significant olfactory impairment in patients with schizophrenia with discussion of neuroanatomical substrates meta-analysis indicates robust olfactory deficits in patients with schizophrenia and at-risk youths Olfactory measures may be a useful marker of schizophrenia risk status indicating possible olfactory impairment in patients with ASD andother developmental disorders Qualitative review Quantitative Qualitative review meta-analysis indicates that OD is evident in individuals with ASD and OCD, with small to negligible effects in patients with ADHD Quantitative

diagnosis of schizophrenia 662HCs

Nguyen

2010 2

Systematic review Patients with a DSM diagnosis of schizophrenia HCs

Olfactory psychophysical tests (eg, UPSIT R and SS-TDI); neuroimaging

et al 876

Moberg

Olfactory psychophysical tests (eg, UPSIT R and SS-TDI)

2014 1

Systematic review 4491 patients with a DSM diagnosis of schizophrenia 875 genetic and clinical patients at-risk for schizophrenia 4408HCs

et al 856

Tonacci

2017 2

Systematic review Patients with ASD HCs

Olfactory psychophysical tests (eg, UPSIT R and SS-TDI)

et al 874

Crow

Olfactory psychophysical tests (eg, UPSIT R and SS-TDI)

2020 1

Systematic review 320 patients with ASD 208 patients with OCD 320 patients ADHD 910HCs

et al 877

ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; HC = healthy control; LOE = level of evidence; OD = olfactory dysfunction; SS-TDI = Sniffin’ Sticks threshold, discrimination, identification combination; UPSIT R = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.