xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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466

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.16b (Continued)

Olfactory test method used

Author

Year 2015

LOE Study design Study groups

Conclusions

Obese individuals were better at detecting the chocolate odor

Olfactory threshold test based on dark chocolate odorant

Obese patients (n = 9women/11 men) Controls (n = 15 women/5 men) Obese patients (n = 59) Controls (n = 36, allwomen) patients (n = 46) Obese patients (n = 28) Overweight patients (n = 12) Controls (n = 77) Lowweight patients (n = 17, allwomen) Obese patients (n = 52) Controls (n = 15, allwomen) Morbidly obese Controls (n = 15 women/20 men) Obese patients (n = 11women/4 men) Controls (n = 47 women/27 men) Obese patients (n = 12 women/15 men) Controls (n = 12 women/14 men) Obese patients (n = 15women/ 20men)

Stafford and Whittle 972

4

Observational,

cross-sectional, case-control

compared with the nonobese group

Fernandez Aranda et al 949*

2016

3b

Observational,

SS-TDI

Overall OF was

cross-sectional, case-control

clearly impaired in the obese patients compared with the controls significantly lower overallOF compared with the control group

SS-TDI

Obese patients had

Fernandez

2017

3b

Observational,

Garcia 951*

cross-sectional, case-control

Uygun

2019

3b

Observational,

SS-ID + CCCRC olfactory test Butanol threshold

Obese women had lower odor identification function compared with the control group Obese patients had lower olfactory threshold function compared with the control group Overall OF declined with rising BMI

et al 964

cross-sectional, case-control

OLFACT

Zhang

2019

3b

Observational,

et al 965 †

cross-sectional, case-control

Besser

2020 3b

Observational,

SS-TDI

et al 962

cross-sectional, case-control

SS-TDI

Adolescents with a higher BMI had higher ofactory

Herz

2020 3b

Observational,

et al 960

cross-sectional, case-control

threshold function compared with the control group

Poessel

2020 3b

Observational,

Obese patients (n = 14

SS-TDI

There was no statistically significant

et al 967

cross-sectional, case-control

women/14 men)

Overweight

difference between weight groups with regard to measured OF

patients (n = 5 women/6 men) Controls (n = 14 women/14 men)

(Continues)