xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.17 (Continued) Author Year

Design LOE Study groups

Olfactory indicator Smoking measure Conclusions

n-butanol and PEA thresholds

Pack-years (amount, years)

Smokers had higher olfactory detection

Hayes

2012

Case

4

23 nonsmokers (10 menand 13 women; mean age, 25 years) and 23 smokers (11 men and 12 women; mean age, 24 years) Smokers averaged 8 cigarettes per day for an average of 5 years or 2.4 pack-years Nonsmokers did not have second-hand smoke exposure or were former smokers Twenty volunteer patients of a 67 adults (32 men, 35 women; aged 19 to43 years)—26 smokers (14 men, 12 women), 26 nonsmokers (13men, 13 women), 15 passive smokers (5men, 10 women) 21 smokers (7 men, 14women; consumption of 15 cigarettes for 9 years 20 nonsmokers (6 men, 14 women; average age, 25.1 years) average age, 25 years), with an average daily Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center

et al 1019

control

thresholds, including greater pack-years and higher thresholds

Rosenblatt et al 1020

1998

Case

4

Nicotine threshold was tested first followed by menthol testing

Smokers (smoking at least half a pack of cigarettes per day for at least the past 10 years) Ten patients were nonsmokers Smoking status was confirmed by end-expired carbon monoxide

Current smokers had higher olfactory threshold that was reduced with an experimental abstinence

control

Smokers reported lower intensities than nonsmokers, among all concentrations

Smokers,

Six concentrations (pyridine and n-butanol) from

Ahlström et al 1021

1987

Case

4

nonsmokers, passive smoke exposure

control

perceptually weak to moderately strong odors

Cometto

1982

Case

4

Perceived intensity (magnitude matching) of

Smokers vs

Smokers perceived nasally inhaled

Muñiz et al 1022

control

nonsmokers

common chemical stimuli less keenly than nonsmokers Short periods of smoking further impaired the smoker’s sensitivity to an irritant The odor intensity was not different, rather the pungency (Continues)

irritation, odorant, and tone