xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VIII.3 MRI Study

Year LOE Study design

Study groups 106 patients with OD(41

Clinical end point Morphology of the OB and olfactory nerve OBV SS-TDI CT of the anterior cranial fossa and OC

Conclusions

OBV was decreased in the idiopathic and obstructive groups compared with controls OS was smaller in all groups of OD OB had morphological particularities in postinfectious and idiopathic cases Frontobasal lesions were present in posttraumatic cases Patients with IOD had significantly smaller OBVs No difference was found inOSdepth PIOD was associated to decreased OBV Duration of olfactory loss was negatively correlated with OBV Lesions in OB, olfactory tract, and temporal lobe pole were able to predict posttraumatic anosmia with a high accuracy Patients with Kallmann syndrome had significantly reduced OBV and OS depth Thicker cortex in the region close to OS OF correlated with OBV and cortical thickness Patients with congenital anosmia had smaller OSdepth OS ≤ 8 mm clearly indicated congenital OBV was smaller in IOD OS depth showed no difference Odor thresholds correlated with OBV (Continues) anosmia with a specificity of 1

Yildirim

2020 3

Prospective cohort study

et al 1053

postinfectious, 13 posttraumatic, 28 idiopathic, and 17 obstructive)

17 normosmic controls

Liu

2018 3

Prospective cohort

20 patients with IOD 20 normosmic controls 19 patients with PIOD 19 normosmic controls

T&T olfactometer scores Chemosensory ERP OBV and OS depth T&T olfactometer scores OBV Voxel-based morphometry Time since injury olfactory-relevant brain areas Development of an olfactory diagnostic algorithm SS-ID (12 odors) OB, olfactory tract, SS-TDI Damages in 11

et al 1032

Yao

2018 3

Prospective cohort

et al 254

Lötsch

2015 3

Prospective cohort

41 patients with PTOD 23 patients with non-PTOD

et al 1058

Ottaviano et al 1058

2015 3

Prospective cohort

38 patients with Kallmann syndrome 21 normosmic controls

and OS morphology

Huart

2012 3

Prospective cohort

36 patients with congenital anosmia 70 normosmic controls

Depth of the OS

et al 1060

Rombaux et al 1061

SS-TDI OBV and OS depth

2010 3

Prospective cohort

22 patients with IOD 22 normosmic controls