xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

521

PATEL et al.

TABLE VIII.8 (Continued)

Normative data available

Commercially available

Test name and author/s

No. of odors items

Reliability coefficent

Comments

Test type

Lyon Clinical Olfactory Test Rouby et al, 2011 1219

NR

No

No

Combines a 4-alternative forced-choice ID test (16 odorants) with two 5-concentration threshold tests (R-( + )-carvone (minty) and tetrahydrothiophene (additive to natural gas) Odorants presented in vials with mineral oil dilutions Self-administered with supervision No reliability coefficient reported, but binomial test of 20 patients tested twice noted no meaningful differences Added 24 odorants to the standard 16-item SS to provide a test comparable to the 40-item UPSIT R Administered to 259 healthy young patients, of whom 72 were retested to assess reliability Unlike original 16-item SS, sensitive to sex No normative data Employs mixtures of chemicals with different smells to assess odorant sensitivity and discriminability presented in glass jars or vials Not meaningfully influenced by cultural factors DT correlates with SS phenyl ethanol DT 0.87 Semiautomated delivery of 8 logarithmic dilutions of odorant Consistent odorant thresholds achieved with mean concentration of 10-4 Good test-retest reliability

ID DT

ID: 16 Threshold: 2 5 concentrations each

Monell Extended Sniffin’ Sticks

ID

40

0.68

No

No

Identification Test (MONEX-40) Freiherr et al, 2011 1220

Smell-S and Smell-R Olfactory Tests Hsieh et al, 2017 1221

DT DISC

30

DT:NR DISC: 0.74

No

No

Leicester

DT

8

0.78

Yes

No

Semi-automated Olfactory Threshold Test

Philpott

et al 1222a

DIFFT = difference threshold; DISC = discrimination; DISC ON = discrimination and odor naming test; DT = detection threshold; ID = identification; NR = not reported; OM = odor memory; OPM = odor-picture matching test; PEA = phenylethyl alcohol; RT = recognition threshold; SD = signal detection; SS = Sniffin’ Sticks; UPSIT R = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. All tests are a level of evidence of 5.