xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VIII.9 Olfactory tests designed for children

Normative data available

Reliability coeffi cent

Commercially available Comments

Estimated test duration ≈ 10minutes

Test name and author/s San Diego Odor Identification Test Murphy et al, 1992 1153,1154

No. of odors or items

Testtype

0.85 20

ID

8

Limited

No

Composed of 8 nonstandardized off-the-shelf common household odorants presented in opaque containers Closed eyes recommended Pictures of the 8 odorants and 12 distractors provided Additional presentation of misidentified odorants given with feedback Impairment defined as < 6odors being correctly identified Administered 5 odorant ID test with different odors than that of their 1992 study to 825 children Pictures of the 5 odors shown before the olfactory testing began to be certain that the children were aware of the odor sources Demonstrated age and sex effects High variability in scores Suggested that a score of ≤ 3 in children older than 12 years likely denotesOD Tested 44 boys and 21 girls ranging in age from 2 to 18 years on a match-to-sample test A “probe” microencapsulated odor was first smelled followed by 2 odors placed in front of the child The child indicated which one smelled like the probe A total of 20 trials were performed To vary the difficulty level for different age groups, 4 age-appropriate odorant sets were developed The respective performances for participants aged 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 12, 13 to 15, and 16 to 18 years were 61%, 87%, 91%, 97%, and 98%, respectively Employed 16 odorants presented in squeeze bottles familiar to most children Administered test to 298 5- to 9-year olds Four choices/odorant with pictures to aid in children’s identification Age-related norms based on 252 children and 56 adults Cutoff points at 10th percentiles indicated for 5-, 6-, and 7-year-olds, as well as adults

Rapid Screening of Identification Test for Children Richman et al, 1995 1223

ID

5

NR

< 5minutes

Limited

No

Match-to

NR

< 15minutes

No

No

DISC Multiple sets of 3-item

Sample Odor Discrimina

tests (probe plus probe and distractor)

tionTest (MODT)

Richman et al 1224

0.45 53

Odor

ID

16

≈ 5minutes

Yes

No

Identification Test for Children Laing et al, 2008 1225

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