xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VIII.9 (Continued)

Normative data available

Reliability coeffi cent

Commercially available Comments

Estimated test duration

Test name and author/s

No. of odors or items

Testtype

No differences between 3 child age groups No sex effects Uses hard sweet candies of unknown manufacturers to assess retronasal OF in children andadults Scores correlate well with orthonasal smell tests In 230 children and 123 adults, score of ≤ 13 differentiated anosmics from normosmics with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 83% Extensive developmental research to obtain 6 odorants familiar to children and could distinguish between those with normal smell or dyfunction in a low-cost, brief, and easy-to-administer test 1446 children were studied to provide normative data that were validated against the UPSIT R andB-SIT Odorants are presented on a cardboard disk that rotates within an outer jacket, such that only one scratch & sniff odorant at a time is exposed for sampling Pictures and words employed in game-like format Can be self-administered Validated in 152 children and adults No normative data but scores < 5 suggestive of anosmia Six odorants chosen from a test of 21 odorants given to 37 children aged < 5 years, 30 aged 5 to7 years, and 18 aged 7 to10 years Odors presented in bottles Scoreof ≥ 4 considered normal, being achieved by 96.5% of the 85 children Odorants selected to be identified by children (mean [SD] age, 6.3 years [0.5 years]) Collaboration among 18 countries Employs SS pens to present stimuli Forced-choice 4-response alternatives with pictures for each test item Dysfunction based on 10th percentile, which differed among some countries (Continues)

Candy Smell Test Renner et al, 2009 1217

ID

23

0.75

≈ 20minutes

Limited

No

NIH Toolbox Children’s Test Dalton et al, 2011 1226

ID

6

< 7minutes

Limited

Yes

Pediatric Smell Wheel (PSW) Cameron and Doty, 2013 1227

ID

11

0.70

< 5minutes

Limited

Yes

Test for

ID

6

NR

< 5minutes

Limited

No

Screening Olfactory Function in Children Dzaman et al, 2013 1228 Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) Test Schriever et al, 2018 1229

ID

12

0.83

< 10minutes

Yes

No