xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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339

PATEL et al.

TABLE IV.1 Section evidence summary: Emotional state Study Year

LOE Study design Population

Outcome

Conclusions

Stevenson 24

Identification of three major classes of functions: ingestion, avoiding environmental hazards, and social communication with specific subfunctions Olfactory impairment associated with disturbances in various life areas (food, harmful event detection, social situations); majority of patients with olfactory disorder deal well but a limited proportion experience reduced QOL and increased depression scores suggested pathways: (1) impaired OF as a consequence of reduced olfactory attention and input; and (2) OD as a marker for enhanced vulnerability to depression Reciprocal relationship: depressive patients show reduced olfactory performance, patients with OD exhibit depressive symptoms Interaction between olfaction and depression by two disorder relates to reduced olfactory sensitivity but not to odor identifica tion/discrimination, no associations in bipolar disorder/ seasonal affective disorder but in healthy individuals exhibiting subclinical depressive states Major depressive

Identification and categorization of

2010

4

Literature review

Animal studies,

olfactory loss in patients, human studies on evidence of that function

the main functions of human olfaction

Croy, Nordin, and Hummel 25

2014

4

Literature review

Quantitative and qualitative, and patients with congenital

Links between olfactory

impairment and general QOL/depression

olfactory disorder

Croyand

Links between olfaction and depression

2017

4

Literature review

Healthy individuals, depressed patients, patients with olfactory disorder

Hummel 26

Kohli

2016

4

Literature review

Primary depression patients or primary patients withOD

Links between OD and depression

et al 27

Schablitzky and Pause 28

Olfactory

2014

4

Literature review

Healthy individuals, distinct groups of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder

performance (odor sensitivity, identification, discrimination, and odor ratings) in depressed patients and in healthy individuals experiencing only some depressive symptoms or a transient state of sadmood

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