xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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340

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE IV.1 (Continued) Study Year

LOE Study design Population

Outcome

Conclusions

Olfactory impairment affects QOL/daily life, associations with depression; (heterogenous findings regarding olfactory markers of depression Reciprocal relationship between OD, depression/QOL negative emotional impact, feelings of isolation, impaired relationships and daily functioning, impact on physical health, and the difficulty in and financial burden of seeking help reduced life quality: 43% of the patients reported depression, 45% anxiety, 92% impairment of eating, 57% isolation, and 54% relationship difficulties; women were more affected thenmen Patients with parosmia as well as quantitative OD show higher rates of daily life complaints when compared with patients experiencing quantitative olfactory impairment only; patients with quantitative olfactory impairment exhibited more complaints than HCs Overall prevalence of OD of 22.2%; reported higher prevalences when measured with expanded identification tests < 8 items and in patients aged > 55 years (Continues) Identified themes: OD associated with psychological impairment and

Links between olfaction and depression,

Rochet

2018

4

Literature review

Healthy individuals, depressed and clinically improved patients, patients withOD

et al 29

olfactory markers of depression

Erskine and Philpott 30

2019

4

Case series,

Patients with smell disorder

Subjective

qualitative research

experiences of patients with smell disorder

Philpott and Boak 31

2014

3

Cohort

Patients with OD Consequences of smell disorder on patients’ daily life and affected areas

Frasnelli and Hummel 32

2005

2

Cross-sectional controlled

Patients with OD

Qualitative and

(quantitative and qualitative) and HCs

quantitative OD and impact on daily life

Desiato et al 33

Prevalence of OD in the healthy general population

Study cohorts

2020

1

Systematic

recruited from the general population

reviewand meta analysis