xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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341

PATEL et al.

TABLE IV.1 (Continued) Study Year

LOE Study design Population

Outcome

Conclusions

Murr

2018

2

Prospective controlled

Patients with OD andHCs

Importance of olfaction

Highest importance of olfaction in young, healthy women (aged ≤ 25 years); patients with OD reported decreased importance of olfaction; possible coping mechanism Decreased life quality and reduced body-related self-esteem in patients with anosmia; low life quality and self-esteem related to depressive symptoms Impaired life quality, in particular reflected by reported social isolation and anhedonia Impaired life quality (eg, physical health, financial security, social relations, leisure, and emotional stability) and negative effects on well-being; patients use problem and emotion-focused coping 59 of 203 individuals with impaired olfaction; differences between cognitive functioning but not in well-being and chemosensory communication Impaired enjoyment of food, worries about hazards, and social insecurities lead to decreased life quality; recommendation to focus medical and psychological treatment options on patients with concomitant impairment caused by smell loss; provide treatment and coping strategies affected and nonaffected individuals in

et al 34

Kollndorfer et al 35

2017

2

Prospective controlled

Patients with

Link between

anosmia and HCs

self-esteem and QOL inOD

Keller and

2013

4

Patient-report series

Patients with OD Subjective

Malaspina 20

experiences with olfactory loss

Blomqvist et al 36

2004

3

Cohort

Patients with OD Well-being and

coping in patients with olfactory loss

Oleszkiewicz et al 37

Undetected olfactory loss and relationship to cognitive performance and well-being

2020

2

Cohort

Individuals

declaring normal sense of smell

Schäfer,

2021

4

Literature review

Patients with OD and healthy individuals

Causes and

Schriever, and Croy 38

consequences related to the main functions of olfaction

LOE = level of evidence; OD = olfactory dysfunction; OF = olfactory function; QOL = quality of life.