xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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353

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.1 (Continued) Study

Year LOE Study design

Study groups 1 patient with CRSwNP

Clinical end point

Conclusions

Zhao

2006 4

Case report

Surgical remodeling of the nasal airway is a significant factor in recovering OF

∙ CFD olfactory airflow ∙ Odorant delivery rate ∙ Psychophysical olfactory assessment ∙ PEA threshold test ∙ Histological analysis of neuronal, nonneuronal, and inflammatory cells

et al 142

Yee

2010 3

Prospective,

Patients with CRS (n = 50),HCs (n = 20)

Patients with CRS demonstrated

et al 176

case-control

metaplasia and lower percentages of normal epithelium and OSNs; patients with CRS patients anosmia most likely to have OE erosion, highest density of eosinophils, and most extensive abnormalities on CT blood eosinophilia but not PNIF or VAS for obstruction

∙ Univerity of Miami staging system

Hox

2010 3

Prospective study

Patients with

Olfaction correlates to

∙ VAS ∙ SNOT-22

et al 154

CRSwNP (n = 65)

∙ SF-36 ∙ PNIF ∙ SS-ID ∙ Eosinophilia

Selvaraj et al 151

2012 3

Prospective crossover 11 HCs

Nasal irrigation with an ion concentration that

∙ SS test

mimics mucus composition in

chronic inflammation induces a significant elevation of olfactory thresholds OD was more severe in patients with ECRS; ethmoid opacification and OC polyps were associated with OD in patients with CRS IL-6 in nasal mucus, plasma, and saliva is significantly higher in hyposmic patients than controls and may have a role in the pathogenesis on a local or systemic level significantly improve subjective and objective measures of olfaction in patients with CRSwNP Oral steroids

Mori

2013 3

Prospective

228 patients with CRS, and 190 patients with ECRS

∙ T&T olfactometer ∙ Intravenous olfactory test ∙ Likert scale ∙ Ethmoid opacification ∙ OCpolyps

et al 145

cross-sectional

Henkin

2013 3

Retrospective case-control

59 patients with

∙ IL-6 levels in urine, saliva, nasal mucus

et al 181

hyposmia, 6 HCs

Banglawala et al 184

2014 1

Meta-analysis

4 RCTs of subjective olfaction after oral steroids in patients with CRSwNP (n = 236) 2 RCTs of objective olfaction after oral steroids in patients with CRSwNP(n = 147)

∙ SF-36 ∙ PST R R ∙ BAST-24

(Continues)