xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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354

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.1 (Continued) Study

Year LOE Study design

Study groups

Clinical end point

Conclusions

Alobid

2014 2

RCT

Moderate to severe CRSwNP, steroid treatment (n = 67), controls (n = 22)

Oral and intranasal steroids improve

∙ BAST-24 ∙ Likert ∙ Polyp tissue eosinophilia ∙ Nasal nitric oxide

et al 150

olfaction in CRSwNP; loss of olfaction is correlated with nasal congestion but not inflammation CRS results in similar improvement in olfaction to inversely correlated with all patients with CRS, whereas IL-6, IL-7, and VEGF levels were positively correlated only in patients with CRSwNP continuation of medical therapy Tissue eosinophilia is associated with olfactory loss in patients with CRSwNP independent of disease severity Markers of eosinophils are elevated in the superior turbinate of patients with CRS and microenvironment in the OC mirrors that in the middle meatus; elevation in IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 are correlated with reduced olfactory scores Olfactory airflow and olfaction are differentially affected by NP location Explants from patients withCRS demonstrated increased phosphorylated c-Jun in olfactory neurons with an associated loss of neurons correlate with olfactory loss The inflammatory Surgical treatment of IL-5 levels were

∙ Lildholdt score ∙ Lund-Mackay

DeConde et al 149

2014 3

Prospective

Patients with CRS treated medically (n = 58) and

∙ B-SIT R ∙ RSDI ∙ SNOT-22 ∙ Lund-Mackay

cross-sectional

surgically (n = 222)

Schlosser et al 180

2016 3

Prospective

CRSwNP (n = 15) CRSsNP (n = 19)

∙ SS-TDI ∙ Cytokine bead assay

cross-sectional

Hauser

2017 3

Prospective

CRSwNP (n = 32) CRSsNP (n = 27) HCs (n-10)

∙ UPSIT R ∙ Lund-Mackay ∙ SNOT-22 ∙ Tissue eosinophilia

et al 178

case-control

Lavin

2017 3

Prospective,

CRSwNP (n = 36) CRSsNP (n = 37) HCs (n = 26)

∙ UPSIT R ∙ OC opacification ∙ CLC protein ∙ ECP

et al 177

case-control

Wu

2018 3

Prospective,

CRSwNP (n = 36) CRSsNP (n = 31) HCs (n = 12)

∙ UPSIT R ∙ Cytokine bead assay

et al 179

case-control

Nishijima et al 143

2018 4

Case series

CRSwNP (n = 21) HCs (n = 4)

∙ CFD olfactory airflow ∙ Odorant uptake ∙ T&T olfactometer

Victores et al 188

2018 5

Invitro

CRS (n = 11) HCs (n = 9)

∙ Expression of

phosphorylated c-Jun

(Continues)